Against Hate Speech :: social issues

Against Hate SpeechHate crimes are done too frequently in the linked States. Although we deplete laws that supposedly get them, many citizenry still feel the need to commit acts of violence on people that are different than them. Many of these crimes originate with some come apart of hate speech. People get ideas from other people, passed down from previous generations. near people dont find anything wrong with verbally abusing another human. Some world leaders have participated in hate speech, hate crimes, or genocide. Hitler is known for his merciless killing of minorities, mostly Jews, in Eastern Europe. The founder of the United States, Christopher Columbus, killed many Indians because he felt he was superior to them. Hate speech obviously leads to hate crimes and keeps humans separated. Also when following the laws correctly, hate speech is not allowed. These are all reasons why I am against hate speech. Hate speech directs people to commit hateful crimes. The difference between hate crimes and official crimes is that hate crimes are committed to a person because of his/her differences. Some examples of differences would be their gender, race, hair color, body shape, intelligence, sexual orientation, etc. Hate speech doesnt have to be direct talking. Hate speech can now be down on the Internet or through magazine and more people are using the Internet to publicize their vile beliefs. In the last five years, the number of hate crimes that have been reported to the FBI has increased by 3,743 (FBI statistics). That room that 11,690 hate crimes were reported in 2000 in only 48 states and not all police forces released their data. Imagine how many other hate crimes were committed that werent even reported to the police. Ethnic and racial violence or tension has decreased in Europe due to newly implemented hate speech laws (ABC News). Many people with the same hateful beliefs form groups to take on the specific people they hate. A typical gang is based on hating person who isnt like them. Tension rises when intolerant people talk. Its not bad when its only one person, but imagine your whole residential area being vocally against you. To lessen the tension that arose in the past, people are still being segregated. There is rarely any evident anxiety in the United States, until you travel to the South. In the South, segregations in schools increased in the last decade by 10.

Lorraine Hansberrys A Raisin In The Sun :: essays research papers

Part A One striking aspect in A Raisin in the Sun was in Act II Scene III, when Bobo gives Walter the intelligence information that Willy went off with the money for the liquor business. I honestly did not think that would happen. I respected Willy to be one of Walters good friends. I approximation they would invest in the liquor business together and make good money. I was in total disbelief when Bobo announced the bad news.Also in Act III, I did not expect Walter to change his mind ab go forth accepting Mr. Linders exchange. I was totally surprised to find out Walter finally comes into his manhood with his decision. My perception of him changed for the better. For once throughout the entire lam, I was proud of what Walter did. Part B Does A Raisin on the Sun present eternal issues?No, A Raisin in the Sun presents umpteen issues that are still common today. For example, my families today go through hard times such as decision making to have an abortion. Ruth became pregnant a nd actually put a down payment for an abortion. During the 1950s abortions were illegal, making her decision even harder. Abortions are difficult decisions many women face today as well.Another issue still common today are problems in marriage. At one point in the play Walter and Ruths love for one another was questioned. They fought badly at times, thus their marriage was heading in the wrong direction. In todays society 50% of marriages end in divorce indicating major problems with the partners. Lastly, racism still exists today. The Youngers faced racism before they even moved into their new folk when Mr. Linder offers the Youngers money in exchange for moving somewhere else. Mr. Linder and the rest of the white community thought this decision was for the best for the community. Mr. Linder gives them the offer without even giving the family a chance, thus showing prejudice. Justina KlechaIntro to Literature 150-26Professor Clovia FeldmanFebruary 15, 2005 Exploration of the TextH ow does the urban prospect establish the atmosphere and mood of the play?The urban setting establishes the perfect atmosphere. If the setting were in a rural area, the mood of the play would be different. Jobs for example, would be harder to have and maintain. This would cause more tension and problems with the family. Transportation would likewise have been more difficult. In the urban setting, automobiles were available as transportation.

Do The Right Thing Essay -- essays research papers

Director and actor Spike lee(prenominal) presents his "truth" about race relations in his movie Do the even off Thing. The film exhibits the spectacle of dreary discrimination and racial altercations. Through serious, angry, and loud sounds, lee stays true to the ethnicity of his characters, all in all of which reflect their own individualism. Lee uses contemptuous diction and intense scenes to show how severe racism can lead to violence.The impress scene where different nationalities badger their opinions on each other shows worthless communication and horrible stereotyping. This is an example of antilocution. Pinos Italian slang, Mookies black talk, and Korean obscenities are all mixed together to show how communication grows impossible among different ethnic groups. Spike Lee is trying to show how nonsense language results in a snowball effect which worsens any situation.The theme of trust appears in scenes involving the alike race or color. In the same way, dist rust shows among slew of different backgrounds. receiving set Raheem and Mookie engage in a significant conversation of love and hate. Raheem tells, "Right quite a little is for love, left for hate. One is always fighting the other." Through Raheems character, Lee expresses black brotherhood and trust between people of the same ethnicity. In the present, people still carry that close bond within their own nationality. If Radio Raheem as well as the people of today open a hand with trust in someone of different origin from themselves, ... Do The Right Thing Essay -- essays research papers Director and actor Spike Lee presents his "truth" about race relations in his movie Do the Right Thing. The film exhibits the spectacle of black discrimination and racial altercations. Through serious, angry, and loud sounds, Lee stays true to the ethnicity of his characters, all of which reflect their own individualism. Lee uses insulting diction and intense scene s to show how severe racism can lead to violence.The disturbing scene where different nationalities badger their opinions on each other shows poor communication and horrible stereotyping. This is an example of antilocution. Pinos Italian slang, Mookies black talk, and Korean obscenities are all mixed together to show how communication grows impossible among different ethnic groups. Spike Lee is trying to show how nonsense language results in a snowball effect which worsens any situation.The theme of trust appears in scenes involving the same race or color. In the same way, distrust shows among people of different backgrounds. Radio Raheem and Mookie engage in a significant conversation of love and hate. Raheem tells, "Right hand is for love, left for hate. One is always fighting the other." Through Raheems character, Lee expresses black brotherhood and trust between people of the same ethnicity. In the present, people still carry that close bond within their own nationality. If Radio Raheem as well as the people of today open a hand with trust in someone of different origin from themselves, ...

Canberra Bushfires :: essays research papers

Canberra Fires of 2003The Canberra bush set up began on Satur daytime 18th January 2003, with reports suggesting that it was started by a Lightning Strike, to the north of Canberra. In the few hours the few hours that proceeded, the fires raged step up of control. Another fire close to the one started by the lightning, ended up joining it, creating a massive fire front, roaring towards Canberra. No warning could found the people of Canberra for what was happening. They did not have much time to fight the fires. They were instructed by the fire crews to leave their houses and flee.Over 300 homes were lost. One suburb, Duffy, was hardest hit. Just roughly every house in this one suburb was destroyed or partly burnt by the fires. Damage was reported to be in the hundreds of millions, with galore(postnominal) treasured possessions lost, never to be recovered again.This story of survival was heard on the radio station Nova 97.9. A neighbour from Duffy lived near a farm. The earth wh o owned the farm didnt even try to save his home. He knew that he would never save it, so he went down the road, took his hose and processed his co-worker neighbour save their home. That home was saved. However, the man with the farm lost his home. His neighbour said that he saw him the next day sleeping in his tractor with his detent on the side of the road.That is a story of Aussies doing their best to look out for their mates.Canberra was declared a disaster area by the Federal Government. Millions of dollars was donated by the people of Australia to help those people in crisis in Canberra. Millions of Aid Money was also handed out by the Government to those whose homes were destroyed.In one day an entire large are of Canberra was lost. Due to one fire. This fire was also fueled by strong winds of 50 km/h fanning the fire front and propelling it towards Canberra. Due to the fact that Canberra is surrounded entirely by bush and scrub area, the fire had lots of natural fuel to h elp it along. The entire surrounding area of Canberra is Trees and farms. This would have helped the fire a lot to travel faster than usual. Preliminary observations of the gardens of houses affected by the bushfires highlighted the importance of trees and shrubs that maintain dead leaves and other material.

Beowulf vs. The 13th Warrior Essay example -- Compare Contrast Beowulf

I have closely comp ared aspects of Beowulf with the film, The 13th Warrior. Beowulf, written down by an unnamed Christian Monk in the 18th century, served as framework for the plot of The 13th Warrior. Beowulf and The 13th Warrior have extensive differences and even more similarities throughout the two stories. The film was made to actually show the different aspects, techniques, and ways of thinking that the people of medieval times thought. It also helps to put you into a better perspective on what the story Beowulf was like. until now thought the two stories are not exactly the same, they still stand together making a great mark in history. Instead of having a completely perfect fabricated movie of the epic story Beowulf, the story was transformed into a collage of similarities. There are a few scenes in The 13th Warrior that are comparable to scenes in Beowulf. Such as, Ahmed and his men were attacked by the cannibalistic warriors in the in the large hut and they had fought fo r their lives trying to defeat the attracter of the pack, forcing the cannibals back to their caves where they arose. This scene is synonymous to the story of Beowulf when Beowulf himself, had defeated the almighty Grendal in the mead-hall. Grendal had fallen and fled back towards the lake of hell where he should stay till the end of time. Furthermore, are the next consequential scenes where Beowulf is asked to got to the home of Grendals mother, and slay her just as he did to Grendle. In T...

Beowulf vs. The 13th Warrior Essay example -- Compare Contrast Beowulf

I have closely compared aspects of Beowulf with the film, The thirteenth Warrior. Beowulf, written down by an unnamed Christian Monk in the eighteenth century, served as framework for the plot of The 13th Warrior. Beowulf and The 13th Warrior have extensive differences and even more similarities throughout the two stories. The film was made to actually envision the different aspects, techniques, and ways of thinking that the people of medieval times model. It also helps to put you into a better perspective on what the story Beowulf was like. Even thought the two stories are not exactly the same, they still stand together making a great mark in history. Instead of having a tout ensemble perfect fabricated movie of the epic story Beowulf, the story was transformed into a collage of similarities. There are a few scenes in The 13th Warrior that are comparable to scenes in Beowulf. Such as, Ahmed and his men were attacked by the cannibalistic warriors in the in the large hut and they h ad fought for their lives trying to defeat the leader of the pack, forcing the cannibals hold up to their caves where they arose. This scene is synonymous to the story of Beowulf when Beowulf himself, had defeated the almighty Grendal in the mead-hall. Grendal had fallen and fled back towards the lake of hell where he should stay till the end of time. Furthermore, are the bordering consequential scenes where Beowulf is asked to got to the home of Grendals mother, and slay her just as he did to Grendle. In T...

The Bells: An Analysis

Some the literary elements that Poe uses in the bells are onomatopoeia, alliteration, assonance, repetition, and rhythm. Onomatopoeia which is the formation of word by imitation of a sound made or associated with its referent, it is utilise in line 3 with the phrase tinkle tinkle, tinkle. Alliteration is the commencement of two or more stressed syllables of a word group all with the same consonant sound or sound group, used in verse 2 lines 10 and 12 frantic fire and desperate desire. vowel rhyme is a resemblance of sounds, also called vowel rhyme, used in line 1 sledges, bells. Repetition is the act of repeating something, used in line 3 tinkle, tinkle, tinkle. Rhythm is the movement or procedure with uniform or patterned recurrence of a beat or accent, the rhythm of the bells is what makes it lyrical The Bells represents life and how it happens. In the first stanza silver bells are introduced. The silver bells make a tinkle sound which is the sound of a small bell.Therefore the silver bells represent young person and excitement. In the second stanza the golden bells represent wedding bells. These bells hold still for maturity and growing up but also represent one of the happiest times of individuals life as they are getting married which is a joyful time and at this point of the poem the bells are no longitudinal tinkling as they now are chiming. In Stanza 3 brazen bells are played, these bells are terrifying as they shriek and go higher, and higher. The bells represent what is approach path forth as they clang clash and roar.The Brazen bells are not chiming they are loud and obnoxious. Stanza 4 has iron bells playing that make people frisson with affright. The iron bells symbolize death. They are played in the silence of the night and it is silent at funerals because people are mourning and hear the moaning and groaning of the bells. This is how the 4 stanzas symbolize a persons life. They are young and excited indeed as they get older and get married they are happy then loud bells tell that tragedy is near and finally death overtakes all people.

Homeland Security Essay

Risk management procedure is an important phase in introducing the anti-terrorist procedures aimed to secure certain residents in a specific ara. done this particular procedure, it is necessary that people be notified as to how much risk they are supposed to face in the process. Knowing the precautions that the target people are supposed to take should then help in the education that is given to people as to how they are supposed to face the different impending causes and subsequent results of terrorism in the community (IC 2007 Internet). Once the people are al spend a penny knowledgeable of what they are facing and what they are particularly at, they are then ready to face the challenges of the situation at a more prepared and confident phase. Knowingly, they are able to protect themselves from the results of impending terrorism.Vulnerability Assessment is also a vital part of the process which at the same time involves at least four other steps needed for consideration. The s aid steps are as follows1. Cataloging assets and capabilities (resources) in a system2. Assigning quantifiable value and importance to the resources3. Identifying the vulnerabilities or potential threats to each resource4. Mitigating or eliminating the most monstrous vulnerabilities for the most valuable resourcesFrom the outlined process of vulnerability assessment, it is noticeable that the focus of the approach in assessing the vulnerability of the community is based upon the environment and the possible threats that are observed from (Stockton 2007 internet), acting towards the said threats could help in the process of making it easier for the society to see their capabilities in protecting themselves well from the threats of terrorism raised against them.

Motivating Employees Case Study Essay

In order to be productive at work or at home an individual must be do to complete their task. There are two main forms of motivation, intrinsic and extrinsic. Intrinsic motivation is the desire to do the task right out of the satisfaction of a job well siree without any rewards. Extrinsic motivation comes from external sources such as incentives programs. Both foot be equally effective in the right situation. SAS Institute has gained a high reputation for their ability to motivate its employees with a balance of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation.How Does SAS motivate its employees?The SAS Institute has long since regulate the standards for the ideal workplace. Focusing on both(prenominal) intrinsic and extrinsic motivational methods, SAS strives to ensure its employees enjoy what do and continue to stay interested in their work. SAS too encourages their employees to occasionally switch areas of expertise, gaining additional training if it is required. Using this approach, SAS keeps their employees from getting bored and losing interest in their job. In addition, The SAS Institute also plows about its employees and their families well-being both on and off the job.(George, Jones 2012) At its headquarters in Cary, North Carolina, SAS Institute also offers employees and their families 200 acres of luxuries activities as well as on-the-spot(prenominal) childcare, healthcare and many other fitness and recreational benefits. What factors are likely to brook to intrinsic motivation at SAS? The intrinsic motivation at the SAS institute can be attributed to many work and personal related factors.As quoted in the text, Bev Brown from external communications states Some may think that because SAS is family-friendly and has great benefits that we dont work hard. But people do work hard here, because theyre motivated to take care of a company that takes care of them.(George, Jones, 2012) The SAS institute works hard tokeep their employees happy and motivated with generous benefits such as unlimited sick days and flexible schedules. As mentioned earlier, SAS offers on-site healthcare, childcare and many other benefits that not only benefit the employees but their families as well. Another factor that may contribute to the intrinsic motivation at SAS is the option to change jobs within the company. SAS offers additional training, if necessary, to employees who wish to switch fields.This keeps their employees interested in their work and productivity at a maximum. What factors are likely to contribute to extrinsic motivation at SAS? The managers at the SAS Institute are of the firm belief that employees need to feel that the work they do is making a diversion within the company. SAS offers many incentive bonuses that are based on work performance. Employees can also take advantage of services offered such as massages, prohibitionist cleaning, car detailing and many recreational activities that include swimming and golfing. How might SASs lon g-term focus affect employee motivation?James Goodnight, long era CEO and co-founder of the SAS Institute, has implemented a long-term focus comprised of developing their software from scratch and setting up a long line of research and tuition projects. Not only does this approach help SAS when the economy takes a downward turn, but it serves as purposeful motivation for its employees. Firstly, employees dont have to bewilder about getting laid off based on an economic crisis. Creating software from scratch also helps employees get creative.They get to design every street corner and cranny of the software from the brainstorming process to the completed project. Overall, the SAS institute has a long history of happy and productive employees. SASs turnover rate is at an incredible 2%, while the rest of the software industry holds around 22%. SAS has maintained its status on Fortune Magazines 100 Best Companies to field for in America for 13 years in a row, ranking first in 2010. This is only possible by motivating its employees intrinsically, extrinsically, and therefore giving them a reason to produce great work.ReferenceGeorge, J. M., & Jones, G. R. (2012). Understanding and Managing Organizational Behavior (6th ed.). Prentice Hall.

Reflection on Teaching Essay

In order to challenge my conjecture of article of faith I first charteriness rattling briefly to define it. When I was taught science it was mostly through direct teaching. Any experiments performed were deductive in nature with very little in rank from me. When I got to college and I started performing experiments then I suddenly started having little epiphanies where facts I had learned off by heart were unexpectedly connected in slipway I hadnt understood before. So I came to guess that this was what was lacking at secondary level, the experimental experience that allowed people to physically test the how of the serviceman around them. To put it simply people are innately curious and that exploiting this curiosity is the way to teach. From the moment they learn to talk, children constantly ask questions slightly everything, from where eyebrows observe from? to what do worms eat? Asking questions is the way they find things out and this rattlingly is just one small step away from accomplishment.From personal experience of teaching I think that Arnstine (1967) was correct when he state the arousal of curiosity bed lead to learningfor learning to occur, curiosity must be channelise. Designing lessons in such(prenominal) a way as to tap into the natural curiosity of students and to connect the topics on the curriculum with their everyday experiences is for surely the best way to teach science. I find question / constructivism extremely interesting as it encapsulates the whole get their attention approach nonwithstanding I think its misused by an awful lot of people. I think that analogies and real world examples need to be reflective of the scientific concept even so simple enough that the student can grasp it. Also it requires that the student be actively involved, activities must provide the opportunity to demonstrate learning.To instruct somewhatone is non a matter of getting him to commit results to mind. Rather, it is to teach him to participate in the process that makes possible the establishment of cognition. We teach a subject not to produce little living libraries on that subject, but sooner to get a student to think mathematically for himself, to consider matters as an historian does, to put forward part in the process of knowledge-getting.Knowing is a process not a product. (Bruner. J, The Process of Education Towards a theory of instruction 1966 72) So in approaching this assignment I realise that I am an ardent supporter of teaching through enquiry. I agree with Bruners theoretical framework of twist on pre-existing knowledge by presenting new material in a logical manner at a level the student can understand, revisiting topic in stages and building layers of ever increasing complexity. I find the concept of a spiral curriculum to be a sensible one, but also to be at odds with the way in which individual schools plan the teaching of science. There is far too much relience on the text book, with strict adherence to the material inside. I prefer to leave the text book at home, for the student to be assigned reading and questions from it for homework so that it is new and different and provides a slightly different aspect to the same topic.At the very least it leave provide the same breeding as was covered in separate in a slightly different manner and provoke recall instead of boredom. A consequence of supporting enquiry is an aversion to direct teaching. Those who support direct teaching say that it is a highly effective method of teaching. The basic components are careful content analysis, sequencing of information and use of appropriate examples, specific instructional formats where both teacher and student responses are scripted and testing to mastery. The part that receives the most criticism is the scripted responses. here is an example I found at Brainsarefun.com http//brainsarefun.com/Teachtk.html EXAMPLE1. All Teacher and students touch the wait on to be learned.2. Te acher The answer to this question is, 1492.3. Teacher When I signal I want you to answer, 1492.4. Teacher The answer is 1492.5. Teacher What year did Columbus discover America?6. Teacher Get ready. Watch the students to make sure all participate.7. Teacher Signal by pointing or snapping fingers.8. All 1492.9. Teacher Thats right, Columbus discovered America in 1492.10. Teacher Reward. Good blood line saying 1492. Make eye contact with individuals. Smile. 11. Teacher Next answer, or repeat until everyone is participating and firm. If any student is unable to participate or answer correctly, start at the top of the sequence again.Most teachers believe that this type of teaching is too restrictive and prevents the students from developing critical thinking skills. I require to say that on my first reading of this example of direct teaching I was horrified at the way the students were indoctrinated. I knew that this method of teaching was not for me and I continued to develop my lesso n plans along the constructivist enquiry model. I researched guided discovery and found that discovery learning is described as an inquiry-based, constructivist learning theory that occurs in situations where the learner draws on their existing knowledge to discover facts and comprehend relationships. Students interact with the world by manipulating objects, wrestling with questions or performing experiments.As a result, students are more likely to remember concepts and knowledge discovered on their own (in contrast to a transmission / direct teaching model). Proponents of discovery learning say it has many advantages, including encouraging active engagement, promoting motivation, autonomy, responsibility, independence, aiding the development of creativity and problem solving skills and is a tailored learning experience that helps minimize classroom attention problems. Detractors point out the amount of time needed to teach a topic and that students do not always achieve the intend ed outcome of the lesson. That is they may draw erroneous conclusions about the investigation they are engaged in.My action researchNow that I nurse explored my theories on teaching I need to test those theories by comparing the outcomes of direct versus enquiry teaching. Ideally in order to compare the two methods I should keep the conditions of the lessons the same and only tack the method of instruction. Rigor woulddictate that I teach two groups of students that have been randomly segregated. The students would be in the same year of secondary school and fabricated to be at the same academic level. Ability within each group would be expected to mimic normal distribution with some students excelling and some struggling with the curriculum content. Unfortunately in my teaching practice view I have one class of first years and one class of second years. I am also following a subject plan laid down by the science department in the placement school, which further restricts my re search topic.Hence rather than directly compare and contrast two sets of lesson plans that differ in instruction but not content, I shall approach to make my methods of instruction the subject of the action research. My intention is to design a number of lesson plans along the guidelines of both approaches and to deliver these lessons as independent of personal mold as possible. I shall assess the success of each lesson plan as a measure of student value and under a number of points such as liaison, motivation to learn, interest of students, as well as proficiency in summative tests. Bearing in mind my own learning, I will also be critically examining something about my ability to deliver a constructivist lesson do I do as I say? In assessing participation of students I will make reference to number, frequency and relevance of questions asked.Time spent on-task will be used to measure motivation and interest as will content of questions asked. In line with standard research metho ds I established a baseline of knowledge on the topic of get-up-and-go by giving the students a questionnaire which was designed to probe existing conceptions. (more here on the results of the questionnaire) From my understanding of enquiry teaching there seems to be a number of activities that should feature in my lesson plans and I have tried to incorporate these in the enquiry based lesson plans. I have included a list of these activities here and have also identified them in the appropriate lesson plans.Enquiry activities Think about scientifically orientated questions that are at an appropriate level and ask how rather than why (teacher provides questions at first) Gather and consider evidence using the tools of science Make explanations based on prior gain fact and new knowledge gained through the process of enquiry / evidence gathering Compareconclusions to currently scientific understanding and account for differences Communicate and negotiate their findings and explan ations with differentsAfter the brainstorming academic session I jotted down as many of the words and phrases as I could during class. Light, wave, geothermal, heat, renewable, sun, plants, photosynthesis, comes from food, plants make it, atomic bombs, it keeps you moving, you are tired without it, it can change, theres energy in batteries, joules, oil. Then I asked a series of questions designed to clarify facts that they needed to know (3A6 Energy, 3A7 Energy conversion Junior Certificate Science Syllabus). From the answers it was overstep to me that the students could not distinguish between forms of energy and sources of energy. Because the discussion section of the enquiry lesson plan is open-ended I was able to direct questions and highlight information on the board that students could use to discover facts.I tried to give minimum guidance but I found that the students were floundering and unsure of what they were trying to accomplish. This was a fall out theme during the discovery lesson plans and it seems to me from my readings that this is the main detracting feature of enquiry instruction. Those who oppose constructivist / enquiry instruction such as Kisherner, Sweller and Clark (2006) argue that minimum guidance during instruction does not work and Clark (1989) goes further to suggest that his data shows that lower aptitude students show a loss of learning on post instructional testing.My ConclusionIt is intrinsic that the teacher do research work, i.e., he should comb the subject of chemistry from end to end for facts and for methods of exposition that will make such facts live and real to his students. (Patrick, W. A. (1924) What kind of research is essential to good teaching? J. Chemical Education, Volume 1, Issue 1, p16.)I have come to the conclusion that there is a need for direct teaching in the classroom in order to build up foundation of facts in long term memory to provide well of knowledge which can be used to provide data when neede d. Enquiry or discovery learning encourages the use of this knowledgeso that students can put facts together to think critically. Dewey supported inductive teaching as the way to improve scientific teaching for a better educated society and said science lessons should include learning the process of science not just the facts, (Dewey, 1903). By this I believe he meant that the two methods complement each other and need to be used in tandem. But direct teaching cannot be taken as an excuse for unimaginative lessons recycled every year with borderline input from the teacher needed in the delivery. If investigatory activities are designed deductively, ie have only one conclusion, need more here about factors to consider when designing lesson activities.

Western Countries Influence on China in the 19th Century

For quite a long terminus of time, china has had the largest deliverance in the world. Concepts such as use of money and development of merchant break up were introduced by the ancient main refine mainland china. The Chinese exhibited a false experience of superiority as they believed that they had nothing to gain by trading with other(a) countries. The country was locked to immaterial handicraft and it was not until after the Opium War that the country was forcefully opened to the world, which carried both positive and negative achievements (Rawski, Para. 2).In the time of cold war, the literature which talked about chinawares development focuse on two major issues, one was that the involvement in international trade was less in all probability to be helpful in search of economic development for poor countries. The second was that the culture and sociable building of chinaware was a great impedimenta to its development. It was believed that substantial development i n the country would only arise after major and dramatic changes were carried out to the mixer structure and individual behavior (Overholt. 22). jibe to Rawski (Para. ), the nineteenth century was in the Qing Period of the quarter trade and the balance of payment was in favor of Chinese as the silver flowed into the country. It was at this period that the British discovered a favorable market for opium in mainland China as it shipped opium from India. This new discovery do the silver flow to reverse as outflow of silver increase. The balance of payment was no longer favorable as the trend decreased money go forth in the economy. The resultant force-out was a downward pressure on general prices of goods and services that led to economic problems.The Qing court wanted to stop the outflow of silver and Commissioner Lin was sent to draw in the efforts to stop the trade of opium. He confiscated property that belonged to the British traders and destroyed this business. When the trad ers complained to their regime, the British governing body responded with military pressure which led to the opium war and unequal treaties system. The British soldiers easily outgunned the Qing forces as they had superior weapons. The Qing then surrendered in the year 1842 and the treaty of Nanking was signed.It allowed unrestricted European access to Chinese ports and the island of Hong Kong was ceded to Great Britain. During the war, farm areas were destroyed, and millions of lives were illogical that made Chinas income to fall. Another war that emerged between the British and the Chinese led to grievous losses and British warships obtained unlimited access to all rivers in China provided they were navigable. All official Chinese documents were to be written in English (U. S. surgical incision of State, Para. 10a).The system of unequal treaties had economic impact on China and it overly infringed on their political sovereignty. It led to the imposition of a free trade regime that allowed unlimited trade in all goods and services which eventually was obliged to allow hostile investment and foreign trade as well. The fact that China was large and far from the coast, was a reason that the foreign trade was not a large component of the economy. However, with the coming of new technology which involved rail road and telegraph, the Chinese were eager to utilize these opportunities.New commodities were frankincense adopted and organizational innovations implemented. In 1860s, the Qing dynasty initiated several institutional reforms in regulate to deal with the problem of modernization (Gibson 59). The Chinese had a vague concept of European countries and it was not until the opium war that they tried to understand the western hemisphere in form of their ideologies, social and political structures. Technology was thus introduced into the country as much as democracy and capitalism were recognized by the citizens.They realized that by being locked to other co untries, they were left ignorant of significant concepts and ideologies from other countries. The need to conquer the west made them interested in understanding the west in form of their economic structures and political structures. It was certain that the defeat in the opium war was due to the offend technology lethal western weapons, and strong ships. It was then that reform was under counseling in China (Beeching 47). Economic Reforms In the early nineteenth century, China was exclusively closed and isolated itself from other countries in the world.Foreign trade was limited in the city of Canton and it was not until the opium war that led to the signing of Nanjing treaty, that Chinas ports were opened and western merchants found their way into the Chinese market. The effect on Chinese economy was significant as they had least expected it. The effect of opening up of China did not have just the negative effects unless it also had good and positive effects on the economy and soc ial relationships which existed in the people of Qing Dynasty.Among the negative effects that we shall look in details are internal struggles, increase in the rate of crime, economic declination in the city of Canton and the increase in the economic welfare at the cities of Shanghai and Hong Kong (Chesneaux, Marianne & Maie-Claire 7). Chinese local industries were affected by cheaper western form made products. This created so much pressure on the local industries as they had to suit and reform in order to compete with the western merchants. The defeat of China in the opium war was enough to convince the Chinese that they were no longer the Heavenly Middle Kingdom that they always thought they were.They were thus awakened and overt to the reality of progress (Gibson 32). Chinese were used to being self reliant as they had a self sufficient domestic trade. This was occasioned to a large limit by the fact that it has an immense home trade. It has a vast land that their internal tr ade is sufficient to perform commercial operations. In opening up, China was able to compare itself with other nations internationally and thus realized that it was no longer on top of the world. Chinese thus developed a sense of purpose and a desire to improve their economy it was a period of awakening the titan (Chesneaux, Marianne & Maie-Claire 53).Various economic repercussions were obtained after the opening of China. The flourishing of foreign trade was evident as China increased its export from 7. 5 million kilograms of tea in 1843 to 42 million kilograms in 1855. The export of silk also increased significantly. The demand of tea and silk led to the expansion of tea and silk producing regions as they greatly benefited from foreign trade. Another economic effect was a monetary crisis which resulted from the increased volumes of trade activities.There was a reduction in the Spanish silver dollar and it appreciated so much that it was abolished and the Mexican dollar introduced . These problems were enhanced by internal monetary crises that were instigated mainly by poor presidential term. The copper cash that prevailed in China depreciated significantly as a result of inadequate supply of copper. This devastated Chinese financial system and in 1853, the country had to result to paper money (Beeching 67). There was a significant effect on the textile industry. previous to the Opium War, the Chinese made cloths by hand.This industry was almost eliminated as open system led to the importation of cheaper machine-made cloths and other products. The native textile industries had to adapt by sullen their charges, though this was detrimental to the textile workers. Their wages were reduced as the textile industries looked for ways of reducing their operation speak tos and led to lowering the living standards of these workers (Beeching 63). The old Chinese self-sufficient economy was changing under pressure. Chinas social-economical development was affected by western capitalistic societies.This til now did not lead to the formation of capitalistic China exclusively rather made it to a semi-colonial semi-feudal state. The Chinese industries had been exposed to the outside states but at a time when they had not anticipated it. They were thus less prepared and less equipped to compete with these international industries. The opening up of China meant that the people who used to transport goods to Canton (mostly the Hakkas) were left without jobs. The majority of trade shifted from Canton to Shanghai as Shanghai had been opened for foreign trade.The Hakkas were considered to be ethnic minorities by the natives of Canton which led to a competition between the two clans in form of farming and economy. This led to wars between the two clans and as a result, hundred of thousands of lives were muddled and the effect was quite significant to the Chinas economy. The population which had made the country prosperous was being threatened by this in ternal wars and struggles (Chung, Para. 4). China was no more affected as a series of natural disasters also stroke the country.The Huang He River had burst its banks and flooded a vast portion of land in the year 1851. In 1855, the river flooded again and the fertile and among the most productive province of Jiangsu was in ruins as farmland was destroyed and loss of lives intensified. The Qing government could not afford to provide adequate economic aid to the survivors as funds had been drained during the opium war and against the Taipings rebellion. The government was also busy in negotiating for military aid with the European powers. The Qing government also faced contempt from the Nian movement which had just begun.The government was thus placed in a very unstable state of affairs by all these occurrences and frustrations (Chung, Para. 5). According to Chung (Para. 7), the Muslim rebellions that tried to enhance equal rights among the Muslims and the non-Muslims, the Taipings rebellion, and other groups that were opposed to the Qing government failed to strike a solution to the prevailing social and economic crisis, as millions of people died. The much relied agricultural industry was severely affected by these rebellions as the countryside was ruined in these battles and countless people lost their lives.This led the Qing government to increase its dependence on the European Imperial forces and later(prenominal) purchase of modern weapons. These internal conflicts made it hard for the Qing government to come down its military powers and it thus lost external wars the Second Opium War (1856-1860) and Sino-Japanese War (1894-1895). The effect was an occupation of Beijing by an international force and the agreement of the boxer Protocol (1901) which was done under humiliating terms. The government was to indemnify the European powers for the losses that they had suffered.The Qing court resisted reforms and revolutionaries and reformers advocated for ov erthrow of the Qing dynasty in order to form a republic. The Qing government was eventually weakened by the numerous rebellions as they tried to pursue economic stability as the economic crisis had worsened by the end of 19th century to a national status (Chung, Para. 10). The Rise of Chinas Economy The growth and the sudden rise of China is one of the greatest economic successes in the world. With economic reforms in China which started in the year 1979, to 2008 Chinas economy is believed to have grown 14-fold in real terms.This has led to the lift of hundreds of millions of people out of extreme poverty. On per capita basis, China is relatively poor though it is currently the worlds second largest economy. This has led to increase in economic ties between China and the U. S. China is still marked with low-cost labor and as such, most U. S. companies operate in China so as to benefit from the vast and booming Chinese Market and low cost of operations as a result of taking advantag e of the low cost labor in their export-oriented manufacturing (Rawski, Para. ). The basic improvements seem to have originated from four modernization strategies in Agriculture, industry, science and technology, and National Defense. This meant that rural electrification had to be initiated, a total industrial automation, a focus on a new outlook of the economy, and an enhanced national security and strength on defense. Mechanization in agriculture and subsequent use of irrigation, led to the modification of the industry so as to enhance production, better farming methods were also encouraged (Rawski, Para. 9).The Chinese social and cultural structure had been thought that it was a major constraint to economic growth and development. The rapid improvement in economic conditions of the Chinese is a clear indication that the social and cultural structures might be conducive to growth. There are certain elements of Chinese culture that generate an enterprising spirit which is not foun d in most cultures in poor countries. One would pose to wonder why this enterprising spirit didnt have major effects in the 19th century as it had after the minor reforms in 1978 which initiated explosive growth.China used improvements in the heavy industry and infrastructure. Development of modern highways, and compounding of Petrochemical, brace and other industries ensured that the economic capacity of the nation was change. This rapid growth was also initiated by the use of cheap labor which was used extensively in retrace and subsequent export of low-end products (Overholt 23). The Implications The opening up of China and the subsequent catastrophic occurrences had negative impacts on the economic well being of China.The Western countries undermined Chinas self sufficient economy, the rural homestead industries were as much adversely affected as the development that occurred in the urban market economy. On the other hand, it opened the nation to compare its progress with oth er nations as well. Technology was imported from the western countries and all this worked to enable the nation develop unbiased opinions on the working of international economies. The Chinese government established commercial and modern enterprises as a result of stimulation from the western capitalism.Many of the established enterprises went die as a result of poor administration, but the established modern industries thrived which enhanced the social-economic development of China. The modern industries stimulated the growth of Chinese capitalism and organize a basis which has marked a tremendous improvement of the Chinese economy (Chesneaux, Marianne & Maie-Claire 48). It is a wonder that a nation that could barely feed its citizens is an industrial giant with the leading capacity in steel production, aluminum, cement and coal. The U. S. ad been the worlds leading auto market but in January 2009, China had turned the tables. It had also been named the top producer of merchant s hips in the year 2007. It is clear that the western influence had negative impacts to China at first but today China has all to gain. The exposure to the western markets at such a critical time gave the nation a clear understanding of improved technology and the workings of international markets and economies. China thus used its capacities and its capabilities so as enable it obtain control in this international market.When we compare China to North Korea, a country that was free from western influence, then we can confidently say that Western Influence was what was needed to awaken the sleeping giant in China (Overholt 29). According to the U. S. Department of State (Para. 20b), in the Mid-19th century, the western countries focused the capitalist diplomacy on Korea. The policy which was adopted by the leadership made the region to be termed as Hermit Kingdom. Korea remained independent until late 19th century when China wanted to block the influence Japan had on Korean Peninsula and the pressure by the Russians.This led to the afore-mentioned Sino-Japanese war in which Japan emerged victorious. Korea was thus annexed as part of the Japan Empire which had strong colonial administration and control and it was not until the end of World War II in 1945 that Japan surrendered. This led to the division of Korea, where the United States administered the southern part and the U. S. S. R. took over the northerly side. North Korea attacked South Korea in 1950 and the United Nations sent troops to support South Korea. China Supported North Korea until an armistice agreement was signed in 1953.North Korea is governed by a centralized government under the Communist Korean Workers Party (KWP). Minor parties do exist but under limited power and scope of authority. It has a record of wide violations of human rights as the government has total control on all issues in the state. The media is controlled by the government that it is not a wonder that North Korea was ranked s econd to last on the World Press Freedom Index (U. S. Department of State, Para. 23b). North Korea spends quite a substantial proportion of its income on military, but the nation has not yet become self-sufficient in food production. expert links were disrupted and affected with the collapse of communism in the former Soviet Union in 1989. The GDP of the nation has stagnated for quite a piece of music and it is far much below China in economic development and in the living standards of its nationals (U. S. Department of State, Para. 18b). Conclusion The Chinese people were against the opening of China by the Opium War, but the control of China and influence by the Western countries made China a semi-feudal semi-colonial state.It was not until then that technology found its way into China and the Chinese were quick to use it to their advantaged. The shameful defeat in the Opium War made the Chinese vow to strengthen their country in order to prevent a repeat of the same. This has in spired the nation to the current situation of growth and influence in the world. In fact China is very averse(p) to succumb to international pressure as it is on its way to gain the title the worlds economic giant.

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Andragogy: Self-Directed Learning in My Personal Perspective

Yet it is interesting to note that it was not Lineman who taught Knowles the term androgyny Lineman used the condition in Cavities, introduced Knowles to the word and its meaning, since the term has had much more currency in the Eastern European awaitries than it has had until recently n the West. 20th Century Thinkers in great(p) Education by Peter Serves THE ANDROGYNY When applying androgyny to cultivation, task or goal of the hornswoggleer will determine if direct or indirect modes of financial statement should be used. If a judgment is one that is previously un hold outn to the learner, then more direct command will be necessary.An effective method is to breed specific topics of immediate concern and then expand to how it can be applied in other situations. However, the learner needs to know why the concept to be learned is important in order for the learner to remain motivated. Despite the learner ultimately having control of learning through self-governing means, the teacher and instructional designer needs to facilitate the opportunities for the learner to take care growth. Androgyny reorients adult educators from educating people to helping them learn.The methods used may range from isolated instruction within a curriculum or integrated instruction. It may also encompass intentional and unintentional learning situations. As an example, when designing worldlys to facilitate learning a computer program, providing a list of commands that must be memorized is inadequate. The instructions need to be organized by task and presented in a modal value similar to how it will be used. There is a significant amount of flexibility provided in regards to the development of interpersonal and interpersonal dimensions.However, the learner must be within an environment that values self-directed learning. Knowles places an emphasis on the concept of the safe environment. In particular with take inplace training and development, McGregor surmisal X Theory Y Management Philosophy precipitates into play. If an organization is establish in Theory X and they attempt to utilize training development based n the principles gear up in Rorers Experiential Learning, then in that respect will be resistance to the training that could prevent its success.Knowles envisioned that learning was lifelong. A particular skill office be taught once however, within a supportive environment, the learner might learn new approaches or methodologies from their fellow learners over time. Even though there is a lot of emphasis on the self-directed learner, this person cannot exist in a vacuum. They need to be surrounded by other self-directed learners and grouped in a manner that they can learn new perspectives from learners with different, but applicable experiences. Androgyny, Malcolm Knowles, by Steven R.Crawford THE SIX ASSUMPTIONS OF ANDROGYNY Knowles had already begun building a comprehensive theory of adult learning that is anchored in the characteri stics of adult learners. Beginning with concepts researched by Cross (Adult Learning Theory), Eagan (Conditions of Learning), Hole, Rogers (Experiential Learning), Tough, and others, he developed the angelical model based on several assumptions that differed from the accepted pedagogical models. The Need to Know An adult needs to know why they need to learn something before undertaking to learn it. Similar to myself, the decision I had made to further my study in knowledge.Knowledge can be gain anywhere, I can improve my knowledge honourable trough reading education material in National Library or buying books from the books store. The main reason first come up in my mind was I need to improve my colonization with people and build confidence in myself while communicate with other people in good manner. We can communicate with our friends, neighbors, siblings or relatives but usu all(prenominal)y we use our own mother tongue language and sometimes I do not know how to explain, desc ribes or give opinion so that people can understand and not keep hurt feeling if I was wrong in utilise word.From my point of view, learning to use correct word according to situation is only can be tough in black-tie classroom because I will force myself to accept other people comment toward me. The Learners Self-concept Adults have a self-concept of world responsible for their own decisions, for their own lives. Once they have arrived at that self-concept they develop a deep psychological need to be seen by others and treated by others as being capable of self-direction. When making decision to act my study, I had put all important things in my fife into consideration and isolate unimportant things.The hard thing for me to made decision is I do not have financial support as I Just quit from my Job because I felt not confidence to communicate because my Job was as customer service, at the same time I had car loan, personal loan to be paid and daily expenses to be put in count s o yet I decide to do part-time work during my study and my parents lend me their money before I got my scholarship. All this decision I made nevertheless not depending on others decision and I bared all the consequences if a failed to finish my study with flying colors.The Role of the Learners Experience Adults come into educational activity with both a greater volume and a different quality of experience from youths. Differ from my experience when study in diploma, all decision is made by my parents and influence from friends. I Just follow directly what course I should choose to learn and what university I had to go. This kind of experience give me lack value of knowledge, I Just study to pass not for my own sake. This decision, the way I am study and what sort of material I need to prepared is guidance by past experience, I become more tolerate in time schedule and more Ochs on my study.Opportunity to improve soft skills such as communication skill is grabbing when time has come. Take example when international student asking me about drug-addicted being taught in class I force myself trying hardly to explain so that they can really understand me and that give me very high satisfaction. training to Learn Adults become ready to learn those things they need to know and be able to do in order to cope effectively with their real-life situation. Every subject I been taught in class will be relate to my real-life, question will floating in my mind what if I used this teeth in my work or use it in my daily life.I love new experience and ready to be out from my comfort zone. That is means I ready to learn something new or used different method to solve problem even thought I already have my own method that I familiar with. Take example, when your friend told you there is other way to understand one paragraph, event I used to with my own may, but I try to do with their way which is new to me. Usually I am easy to cope with new environment and environment does not mean that I forget my own destination, I will used it to compare, adapting good thing and share it with my own people.Orientation to Learning In contrast to childrens and youths subject-centered orientation to learning (at least(prenominal) in school), adults are life-centered (or task-centered or problem-centered) in their orientation to learning. Exactly, when I want to learn something I will find solution by collecting information from many sources such as magazines, internet or books that give me immediate solution for example if I got new knowledge on how to planning my work schedule I will immediately practice it with my daily life so that it will easier for me to familiar with new schedule.Outside from class room or formal learning, I also learn from informal learning such as, understand other people culture as study in Universities Ethnology Malaysia (TM) need me to socialise with foreign student, in the way to have good relationship with them I need to try at least to u nderstand the way of their thinking sometimes their culture might be different from my own culture.Having good relationship with other people is actually a ticket for me to learn how they develop their culture and successful in what they are doing especially the Chinese and also the Arabic people. Motivation While adults are responsive to some external motivators (better Jobs, promotions, higher salaries, and the like), the most(prenominal) potent motivators are internal pressures (the desire for increased Job satisfaction, self-esteem, quality of life and the like).It is hard for me to find a good Job that relate to what I had study in my undergraduate because in Malaysias Job market, there is so many applicant that compete for the position which is at the same direct of our credential especially in government sector. The position for grade 41 usually offered only quartile (in my point of view) from total applicant under same certification level and this give very tough competit ion among us.

Nyaya Panchayats Essay

Government proposes to establish Nyaya Panchayats in every gramme Panchayat or a cluster of Gram Panchayats, for providing a system of fair and speedy justice, both civil and criminal, to the citizens at their doorsteps, outside the formal judicial system. The Nyaya Panchayats atomic number 18 proposed to be constituted through the preference of the Nyaya Panchas by people residing in the area to which the jurisdiction of the Nyaya Panchayats extends. Provisions are proposed for the reservation for women, Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes to ensure their means in the Nyaya Panchayats.The Draft circuit card defines the civil, criminal and additional jurisdiction of Nyaya Panchayats. In the Draft charge, conciliation is proposed as a primary means of dispute resolution. Further, Nyaya Sahayaks, who will assist the Nyaya Panchayat in performing their function of dispute resolution, have been proposed. Nyaya Panchayats are proposed as separate and independent dispute resolution bodies, distinct from the Gram Panchayats. The draft Nyaya Panchayat (NP) measuring stick was circulated to Ministry of Law & Justice, several other Ministries/ Departments and all States/UTs.Based on comments received, some modifications were made in the Draft Bill. The Draft NP Bill is again beingness circulated for inter-ministerial consultations. The above information was given by the Minister of Panchayati Raj Shri V. Kishore Chandra Deo in a written reply in the Rajya Sabha. Amendment to Article 243 D of the Constitution of India for enhancing reservation for women in Panchayats The Cabinet today approved the proposal for moving an official Amendment to the Constitution (One hundred and Tenth Amendment) Bill, 2009 for enhancing reservation for women in Panchayats at all tiers from 1/ tertiary to at least 50%.The Constitution (One hundred and Tenth Amendment) Bill, 2009 was introduced in the Lok Sabha on 26. 11. 2009. The official Amendment proposes to add word rural to beg in with the word existence as and where the same occur in 1st Proviso of Clause (2) (iii) of the Constitution (One hundred and Tenth Amendment) Bill, 2009. This Provision will apply to the total total of seats filled by direct election, offices of Chairpersons and seats and offices of Chairpersons mute for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes.Enhancement of reservation for women in Panchayats will facilitate more women to present the public sphere and this will lead to further empowerment of women and also make Panchayats more inclusive institutions, thereby improving governance and public helper delivery. The addition of word rural before word population1 occurring in the 1st Proviso of Clause (2)(iii) of the Rill will reflect appropriate demographic representation of categories of population for whom reservation is made. At present, out of the total elected representatives of Panchayats numbering approximately 28. 18 lakh, 36. 87% are women.With the proposed Constitutional A mendment, the number of elected women representatives is anticipate to rise to more than 14 lakh. Having more elected women representatives would benefit the entire population of the States and UTs where Panchayati Raj is in existence. Ministry of Panchayati Raj had moved a Bill for amendment to Article 243D of the Constitution on 26. 11. 2009 after approval of the Cabinet for enhancing reservation for women in (i) the total number of seats to be filled by direct election, (ii) offices of chairpersons and (iii) in seats and offices of chairpersons reserved for SCs and STs, to 50% in all tiers of Panchayats.The proposed official amendment, as indicated above, in the original Amendment Bill will be moved in the Lok Sabha at the earliest. All States / UTs are parts thereof to which Part IX of the Constitution applies would be covered (Part IX does not apply to Nagaland, Meghalaya and Mizoram, tribal areas of Assam and Tripura and hill areas of Manipur). Background The Constitutional A mendment Bill for enhancing reservation for women in Panchayats at all tiers from one third to one half was introduced in Lok Sabha on 26. 11. 009 with the approval of Cabinet in its meeting on 27. 08. 2009.The Bill was referred to Parliamentary Standing Committee on Rural Development by Honble Speaker on 21. 12. 2009. The Committee has recommended that word rural be added before word population occurring in Clause 2 (iii) of the original Amendment Bill in order to maintain better demographic representation to SCs and STs Class. In estimate of this, it has been decided to make official amendment accordingly in the Bill already under consideration of Lok Sabha.

Business Leadership in Enron Essay

During the expansion plan, the debt acquired by Enron had change magnitude substantially. The reason for this was that by issuing additional debt it would increase the companys leverage and harm its quote rating. The alternative solution was to seek cash from external investors willing to invest in specific entities. When these entity was created, it could and so borrow the capital separately from the sponsor company whilst maintaining Enrons debt ratio and avoiding it being recorded in the balance ragtime. 2. 3The Special Purpose Entities (SPEs)In order to cope with its growing volume of business, Enron needed a mechanism that could borrow an ever increasing amount of bullion but yet maintained an delightful debt/equity ratio. Enron succeeded in hiding its debt by resorting to off-balance sheet financing. (Journal of Management Research, 2003a. ). Enron saw a creative employ of special-purpose entities (SPEs) similar as that to the GasBank. Enron exploited this immature accou nting area which used the SPE as on off-balance sheet item, to keep liabilities and assets of the entities separated from Enrons statements.The SPEs became a convenient vehicle to unload losing trading contracts and to borrow money from outside for Enron. According to (GAO,2002) A business may utilize a SPE for accounting purpose, but these proceedings must still be subjected to certain regulations. (Journal of Management Research, 2003b. ) This was initially a temporary worker solution for temporary cash flow problems. Enron later used SPE partnership under 3% rule to hide had bets it had do on speculative assets of the partnerships in return for IOUs backed by Enron stock as verifying (more than $1billion by 2002). In November 1997, Calpers wanted to cash out of JEDI and in order to keep JEDI afloat, Enron needed a new 3% partner. It then created another partnership Chewco to buy out Calpers stake in JEDI for $383million. (Deakin & Konzelmann, 2004) Enron plans to give back sh ort term loan to Chewco to permit tit to to buy out Calpers stake.

Nick’s Story

A. Which symptoms that incision has described so far ar relevant to the offensive dust? be his symptoms sensory, motor, or both? gouge has complained of burning and prickly pain in feet, clumsiness, dizziness when sitting or standing, and vision problems. These are symptoms of both sensory and motor nerve molest. B. Do you think the symptoms prick describes are likely caused by peripheral nerve upon? Could they be caused by damage to the central nervous system? I believe there has been peripheral nerve damage because of the symptoms that he exhibits.It seems that his receptors are non effectively communicating back to the central nervous system in addition he is losing his incarnate reflexes in his feet, both indicating damage to his somatic nervous system. I guess there could be damage to the central nervous system, but I would expect that the symptoms would be even more severe. C. Diabetic neuropathies damage peripheral nerves. Which component of the reflex arc is most l ikely to be shamed in Nicks situation? I think a lot of Nicks reflex arc damage would puzzle at the sensory neuron.Stimuli are still triggering the receptor, but the information isnt traveling along the damaged sensory neuron to continue the arc to the integrating centers, motor neurons, and effectors, though the damage could be advertise along in the reflex arc providing basically the same symptoms. D. Which division of the autonomic nervous system would be affected and would be causing Nicks GI tract symptoms? Because his digestion is suppressed I would say the sympathetic division is mainly active, inhibiting the gastrointestinal tract.So the parasympathetic division of his nervous system, which allows motility of the gastrointestinal tract, is primarily affected. E. Nicks light-headedness is caused by a condition known as orthostatic hypotension, a rapid drop in blood pressure upon standing up. Based on what you have learned so far, how does the autonomic nervous system cha steness blood pressure? The hypothalamus connects the parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system by neurons in the wit and spinal cord and relay information.The posterior and lateral parts of the hypothalamus go through the sympathetic division which constrict blood vessels and raise blood pressure. The anterior and medial parts of the hypothalamus control the parasympathetic division which lowers blood pressure. F. After becoming comatose, Nick was sweating profusely, and had rapid heart and respiratory rates and elevated blood pressure. Which area of the brain interacts with the autonomous nervous system during physical var. to initiate these responses? The hypothalamus . G. Nick has digestive symptoms indicating reduced gastrointestinal mobility.What autonomic receptors regulate closing of sphincters and relaxation of pipe organ walls? Pelvic splanchnic nerves. H. Why would the term polyneuropathy be appropriate for the symptoms that Nick was exp eriencing? Because his symptoms indicate that several contrary nerves and neural pathways were damaged. I. What symptoms noted by Nicks primary care physician indicated a polyneuropathy? Knowing that Nick was struggling to manage his diabetes definitely sent a red flag, additionally vision problems, feet problems, and balance issues indicated polyneuropathy. J.Why are Nicks generalized symptoms more indicative of a peripheral polyneuropathy than a central nervous system lesion to the brain or spinal cord? Because certain individual signals arent being interpreted and responded to effectively. K. Which of Nicks systems were related to somatic reflexes? Which were related to autonomic reflexes? Somatic reflex issues were indicated by the lack of response in reflex and when nick wasnt able to resist much to pressure against his foot. Autonomic reflexes were suppressed when Nick was unable to digest food, and increased when his blood pressure went up.

God’s faithfulness

Log then Capture Sometimes we atomic number 18 that piece of log. Lifeless. No shape. No form. No beauty. Nothing fussy about it. But divinity sees something special about you. stack around you may say that you ar bound to fail because you were not able to go to civilise, or because you are poor, or because you drive home no talent, or because you deport a broken family. But the sculptor, our idol, sees something special about you? The reason why you are here. He sees greatness in you because he has created you for that purpose-?for greatness We may not see it at the moment.Because paragon is still working that masterpiece in you. Our text is interpreted from Ephesians 210 which says, We are Gods workmanship, retreated in Christ Jesus to do cheeseparing works, which God prepared in advance for us to do. 1. We are Gods Workmanship A. Every Human is Created by God in His Image (Genesis 126-27) a. deal this picture (father and son), we can say that they are father and son. Because the son resembles his father. Sino as ninny fornicatress kumara nag mama o papa ninny? Dib sometimes people go forth discern who you are because of your resemblance with your parents. Again din asana Toyota Kay Lord.When people see us, they need not request if you are a Christian because from your rowing and actions, they will know that you are Gods son and daughter. B. I know how hard it is to become a Christian. A survey of people have difficulty in deciding to follow Christ because there are so many things an bawl. Bawl magma boyfriends/ girlfriend. Bawl minimum/manageri everyy. God wants us to follow these DON TTS because he actually wants to protect us. Protect us from beforehand(predicate) pregnancy, early fatherhood/m differenthood, sickness kindred lung cancer, liver problems, hypertension, etc.Asana normalize anti LATA nag to. God basks you so much that He doesnt want you to make decisions that may harm you in the future. C. And like the father in the pr odigal son, no matter how we fail him, he will till welcome you back with love and forgiveness. God loves us so much. B. Every Christian has been created again in Christ. A. Created IN CHRIST JESUS. This subject matter that even before JESUS CHRIST came into the world to save us, He was actually already usher in from the beginning. Before Adam and Eve had ever sinned against God, they were perfect like Jesus Christ.But when sin came into the picture, the perfection was destroyed. We became sinners, unfaithful, egocentric and unrighteous. B. But in 2 Corinthians 7 of the New Testament, It says there, If anyone is IN CHRIST, he is a NEW CREATION, the experienced has gone and the new has come. God gave us another chance through Jesus Christ to keep open ourselves. To have that connection with Him again and enjoy the abundance and the fullness of His love. C. Have made a lot of mistakes again and again and yet, God never really gave up on me.Katie guano pa kali nag Salinas MO as Ke nya, He would even be the one to come near you and not to propel you of your sins that to remind you that He loves you so much despite of everything. So, if you are here today and you have made a serious mistake in the past, do not let that define you. You are created for something more than youre past. Tell the arson next to you, be patient with me, God IS not yet entire With me. 2. We are created for good works a. Many people believed that good works are enough for them to be saved.But it is said in Ephesians 28-9, For by grace you have been saved through faith, not of yourselves, it is a gift from God so that no one can boast. B. Our good works cannot save us because even our good works are also influenced by our needs, ideologies and beliefs. Sometimes, we help people because we Want to endure it forward so that when the time comes that We will be needing their help, they will also help us. Sometimes, we help other people so we can e recognized. We help others because they have helped us. Even our best is tainted with sin. C. Our good works can sometimes cause us to boast.The reason why God used the materialization and small David to kill Goliath, the shepherd boy and the youngest Joseph to be the ruler, the killers of Christians Saul to be Paul who confesses God with all his heart, the old and barren Sarah to give birth to Isaac or the young and lustful David to be the man after(prenominal) Gods own heart-?the reason why God used them is so that they will say that it was not them but it was all because of God. D. Sometimes we are afraid to be involved n the church because we feel that we are incompetent, poor, weak, untalented, shy or that we are not good enough.But guess what God wants people like you and me to allot Him and glorify His name. MY TESTIMONY I have been a Christian since I was in kindergarten. But I came to really understand Gods word when was in high school. But understanding is different from actually obeying Gods commands. Like a nybody in this room, I was really struggling. Having a knowledge of what is right and evil makes me more accountable of our actions. Which is more hurting? When your grade 1 friend had left you? Or when your best friend since grade 1 until now had suddenly left you with no explanation? It is the latter. Why?Because you have known and understand unwrap that friends really dont moreover do that. Same is true with our relationship with God. When we were little, it was okay that we were not praying everyday, meditating on his words or obeying his commands because we still did not understand the real meaning of Christianity. Which is actually living life sentence like Christ. In high school, was a church gore and even joined the activities of the church. But was not actually doing everything that he said in his word. Was actually doing a lot of things that you also are doing. But nevertheless, God has still been very faithful to me.He caused me to finish on top of our class even when was not faithful. That chapter of my life was also the time when we almost lost everything we own. We lost the house, the lumber yard, the pawnshop, the cars, and the hardware. If God was not with us, we might have also lost our family. No matter how sinful, unfaithful and hard-headed we are, God will find a guidance to reach out to you. When I started college, I came to know Christ more through the campus crusade for Christ. It was easier to potpourri because I have people around me ho are supporting me and joining me in my bye with Christ.We were winning souls in the campus. I felt very secure and fulfilled that time. Was being used by God in his ministry. But then again, the college years had to end. When I was starting medicine, I went to another school and lost contact with my campus crusade friends. I was becoming busy reaching for my dream of becoming a doctor when was beginning to lose my relationship with God. I Was not as disobedient as Was when was in high school. But then again, I was spending most of my time in school. I became just a church gore. I was till able to finish well through Gods faithfulness.When I was in Dave last year, where was having my internship for one year. This was the time when began to slowly lose my sight of God. I was back into my old egotism or even worse. But even though this times, God has remained faithful to me and my family. Was able to finish my internship and passed the exam. I may have failed God and my family several times in my life. But God never fails. He never gave up on me. He has always given many chances to straighten up my life. I admit that at the moment, I am still getting back on the right sign and it is very hard to do so.

Biology in Everyday Life

Biology Ariticle Summary 2 How Darwin won the evolution draw Stem cells are defined by their magnate to self-renew or to differentiate into a range of corporal cell types. Adult stem cells, such as hematopoietic stem cells are found in specialized niches within the body and have been studied for decades. Much of our knowledge ab bug out these cells is based on in vitro experiments but the effects of moving them from their in vivo niche to culture conditions are unclear. This Perspective from Penney sarin and colleagues from the USA and Sweden focuses on adult stem cells found in skeletal muscle, also known as satellite cells.They address the problem that, once extracted from muscle and placed into culture, satellite cells quickly lose their ability to self-renew, complicating studies into their biology. The development of new bioengineering approaches, such as hydrogel microwell arrays, could solve this problem. These approaches can accurately monitor the port of satellite cells and provide robust data sets, thanks to the number of different tests that can be carried out in parallel. To illustrate the usefulness of such tools, the authors show how stem cell division and self-renewal can be tracked in clonal assays using time-lapse microscopy.By increasing the stiffness of the hydrogel microwells in the assays, satellite cells can be maintained in culture for up to one week and successfully engraft back into reverse muscle. Stem cells hold the potential to become part of powerful medical treatments and therapies, but only if we encounter how we are changing them by removing them from their niche. This Perspective pushes this issue to the fore and offers some suggestions as to how we can go on improve stem cell culture http//the-scientist. com/2012/04/01/are-cancer-stem-cells-ready-for-prime-time/

Plain People

In this counselling, we can really underwrite that after her amiss experience, Charlotte was a typical occidental 18-year-old girl she was lazy, always grabbing a new technology stuff and only interested in fashion. Whereas now, after the experience, she is a whole new person with a whole new view about the world surrounding her, she starts helping her parents, only bye bootless things and appreciate life for Its true meaning. 3- After the experience of Charlotte in the amiss community, she became a complete another(prenominal) responsible person.During her 6 weeks shove learnt the true meaning of life as explained above. Nowadays, her project is to became amiss only also to became a better person in the society and in her family. 4) Jones Family 4, Smith road Midfielder, OHIO foremost of all, I hope that youre well. For my part, Im missing you like hell and I m nowadays considering you as my hour family. I dont think you can imagine how much my stay wire you changed me and my relation to the world.Before, Before have you, I was the stereotype of the pathetic occidental 18-year-old girl who only take business of her. Today, Im totally disparate , Eve a whole new vision of our world , I help my parents, and take care of them and of everyone who needs it. Im really mature now, feel useful in the society. And youre the cause of all this thanks to the feature that you helped me open my eyes and SE the worlds as it s truly. Thinks I would miss Cell phone- Parties- Internet-Faceable- Mainstream- Twitter- Watchstrap- Modern way of remonstration- Music Freedom-Modern Clothes.Again, I hope all is well with you. And let me know if you ever need anything. I all miss you tons, youre my second family Have a fun time, and stay safe. Please write stern when you get this. Id love to hear all about how everything is going. Sincerely, Charlotte Allison 5) In the case of being separated from these things, would in all likelihood get mad because my whole life turns ar ound them, but I will need to line up myself to this new woof living to find new hobbies.

IAE_Principles_Practices Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

IAE_Principles_Practices - Essay ExampleIn some cases, children are vulnerable to certain adverts by moral excellence of being immature. Therefore, the advertisers must tailor their message in such a way that it does not negatively impact on this vulnerable group.2. Principle 4 has been often ignored by advertisers which state that advertisers should go against all material conditions such as receipt of payment of free crossing as fountainhead as identity of endorsers among other issues. In most cases, the advertisers are not at liberty to distinguish this information in some of their adverts.3. The comment on principle 7 is overstated. Whilst it is important for all advertizement agents to abide by the federal law, the bottom line is that there is a regulatory body that oversees the operations of all these agencies. This body has a code of professional conduct and ethics that guides the operations of all the publicise agents. In other words, this body at law is responsible for administering the law to its members so that they conform to the expect standards. However, principle 5 is well articulated. Children should be protected from gullible advertisers since this group is comprised of vulnerable people.4. I tally with the author who states that some adverts are distorted particularly those targeting children. Like the example given, the advert about the confectionary product is directly the opposite of what it claims. It can be seen that the advertisers are concerned about their profit oriented goals at the expense of the targeted consumers who are children. As noted, children may not be able to make meaningful decisions on their own by virtue of their young

Operating System Windows XP Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Operating System Windows XP - Research Paper Example to each one of these possesses their accept benefits and disadvantages. However, the most popular dust among IT professionals is Windows XP original.Windows XP is a very good thing to have in the estimator world. There are several programs that you can choose to use to manage your personal data and take certain mathematical equations. You can open more than one program at a time. Each window contains a different program. (Spring, 2007) A good example of a program is Microsoft Excel. When you get Microsoft XP topographic point Edition you also get many other programs that come with it, for instance, go to start and then solely programs and then go to Microsoft Office. There is Microsoft Office Excel, Microsoft Office Access, Microsoft Office Word, and Microsoft Office Publisher. Each program has its feature purpose. Microsoft Excel is spreadsheet software that organizes data in columns and in rows. (McFedries, 2007, 210)The first thing that you will need to aim is a copy of Windows XP Pro. You can easily obtain this from your local computer store or take up use of a copy from a friend. Next, you will need to check to see if your computer system is compatible with MS Windows XP Professional. You will need to make sure that your system has enough random rise to power memory, or RAM, and be sure that your hard drive is large enough to hold the MS Windows XP Professional files with enough room left to save your own files. Another thing to check before going ahead and installing MS Windows XP Professional is the speed of your processor. (Youg, 2001, 510) It should be running at a tokenish of 800 MHz. One processor that I prefer is the AMD-K7 processor. Your system will also need to have an installed compact disc read-only memory drive and an available floppy drive. Now you are ready to begin the installation.

Gender Inequality Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

cozy activity Inequality - Research Paper ExampleGender inequality in the workplace particularly has shameful effects on the overall organization because the more stressful the working environment is the less trenchant is exhibited by employees. Between the years 1940 to 1995, a large number of women entered the labor force but unluckily their exposure resulted in a whole new set of inequality problems. Unfortunately, inequality is also preponderant in the US government where men hold more than 85% of the elected positions and about 95% of the corporate executives are also males. On the other hand, women occupy two-thirds of the poor adult population. A red-blooded amount of the women population is still insecure because of problems such as internal violence, occupational inequalities and feminization of poverty, continues to venture them. We have further women to pursue occupations once reserved only for their counterparts yet we have not encouraged men to follow tradition al roles performed by women. Therefore, women continue to withstand the burden of undertaking family up saving which inevitably limits the role they can play in the outside world. Therefore, it signifies that women are capable of contributing extensively towards economic and social development but their traditional responsibilities limit their capabilities. Despite the gender disparities that exist in our society, most of us do not consider it a serious problem and this is the very basis why the paradoxical legacy of inequality continues to plague our nation. (Rhode 2000). Our youth and adults feel comfortable discussing certain sexual issues such as sexual preferences, sexual relationships and sexual deviance but we feel uncomfortable discussing sexual inequality and its implications. In most conversations, the topic of sexual inequality is treated as an intruder which in most cases us unwelcomed. Ironically, most womens rights activists fail to realize the fact that its about c onviction we stopped discussing inequality, instead we need to act now and wage a war to eliminate it. On the other hand, we have only a handful of activists working to elevate the position of women which is another ground why the problem of gender inequality is so deep rooted. Despite the fact that women are always subjected to juvenile and benevolent sexism, only a quarter of the American women population believes that

Vaccines for Children Computer Input Manual Research Paper

Vaccines for Children Computer gossip Manual - Research Paper ExampleWe have adopted Vermont Immunization Registry (IMR) at the Family checkup Center, which is a powerful tool to ensure proper treatment and timely immunization. This has helped in saving many an(prenominal) by ensuring that the right vaccine is administered to the children (Maciosek et al., 2006). The efficiency of the offices is also improved since the required time to gather canvas records of immunization is reduced. When in that location is a disease outbreak, it is very easy for public health departments to identify those individualist at risk by the use of registry. Gap AnalysisAlthough the applied registry is efficient, it is not full implemented in our Family Medical Centre. Problem AnalysisLearning how to operate our registry is very important. This is because its computerized application, which is to about extent complicated, needs qualified personnel to be able to fill in the data. Rationale of brill iance of ProblemOur healthcare facility is accredited with vaccines for children. Data input should be correctly done to be able to guide on the appropriate type of vaccine administered and the relevant time to vaccinate. If this is not achieved, there will be a loss of program, and services will not be offered to the public.

Schmearton 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Schmearton 1 - Essay ExampleThis means that thither are roles that have more necessity than others especially considering their impact to the company and the limited timeframe.A fortune study of the same can be elaborated as follows. The author may assume the present of the chief executive officer who is managing a manufacturing plant which produces a product by the name start toothbrush. Normally, when an officer arrives at work, he/she has a work to do list. In this case, this may include encounter a particular supplier to shape up a previous contract concerning toilet papers and other cleaning supplies that are used in the sanitation rooms of the business. A nonher event could interviewing candidates for an scatter position that may require an individual who can supervise the production line. The monthly report king be due the next day and should therefore be worked on for submission on time. The experience event might be inspecting a critical position within the producti on line.Nevertheless, emergencies will unceasingly come up and need to be handled with urgency. An example of the same could be a report by the vice president of the company that the trucks that are supposed to transport the coming week supplies have not yet arrived. This will mean that the chief executive officer calls the head of the transportation department to wonder about the unprecedented happenings. Following up this case means that it gets added to the work to do list. The officer may realize that he/she can only complete three items at ago and should therefore rate on the pending agendas.An understanding on the essence of toiletries will portray the same as not as essential to the production line. Actually, in real terms, the officer is responsible for keeping costs dash off including those involved in cleaning supplies. They may represent up to one percent of the companys budget. On the other hand, rescheduling the meeting with the supplier will mean that money will co ntinue to

Risk Mangement and Worker Protection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Risk Mangement and Worker Protection - Essay ExampleRisk management involves procedures and measures that give the axe be used to minimize or choke effects arising from stake. Risk management takes shape by means of certain various steps such as identifying the peril, analyzing and structuring methods toEvery business faces perils some which expose the business plainly they are controllable and predictable. Others are hard to control or to predict thus leading to doubtfulness in operations of the business. Determining risk and controlling it is one of the most essential factors in risk management. Outlining certain measures and practices assists the organization to control risk if it is controllable or devising strategies to recover from loss collect to unpredictable and uncertain risk. The management should ensure that proper measures are put in place to eliminate or reduce the effects of risk in the organization (Hopwood and Thompson, 2006). According to Occupation Safety a nd health Administration (OSHA), health care and precaution measures should be installed in the workplace to reduce effects of risk if it occurs. This means that risks such as epidemics should be reduced by application of measures that can reduce the outflank of the condition if it occurs. For instance, if an epidemic like influenza occurs in the work place, the health care team should be quick to detect and suspect the pandemic from the unhurried. This should be followed by immediate healthcare delivery to the patient and placing the patient in an enclosed place to avoid spread.

The labor party under Tony Blair and Gordon Brown has been blamed for Essay

The labor ships compevery under Tony Blair and Gordon Brown has been blamed for letting the grocery be controlled by capitalism - Essay object lessonThough Cameron blamed Labor for excesses of the recent years for what he termed as turning a machination eye to corporate excesses, the idea of a responsible capitalism was the main agenda behind Camerons campaigns. The main question is whether there is any rationality in advocating for a more responsible capitalism, or if here are any ethics and moral standing in capitalism. Keat (2009) argues a distinct honourable consideration has a crucial role in political reasoning. This is against the neutralist restriction of legitimate grounds regarding affirm actions on moral considerations of rightness. In separate words, legal considerations must involve not only the matters of justice, hardly also the distribution of social wealth, opportunities in life, and the general survival chances. This implies an estimable system has to be touch on with the pursuit of collective goals, and safeguarding the same good in the country. Therefore, the main question is whether let capitalism draw out ideology under conservative party meets the above conditions. Herbermas (1996) states that there cannot be any possible ejection of ethics from politics, but any political ideology has to be based on nature of ethical reasoning in which the concept of identity and self understanding are central. Ikerd (2008) elaborates the most basic justness of science portray that unrestrained capitalism cannot by any chance be sustainable. In other words, according to Ikerd, all economic activities are naturally individualistic as in capitalism there is no any economic incentive aimed at doing anything for the sole benefit others, and does not offer any horizon towards the future generations. This means that any trade system has to involve sustainable resource usage and has to be mindful of each and every individual including the gener ations to come. Gray (2008) notes while a innocent(p) market are the best type of market in advocating ethics and morality due to a call link between contribution and rewards, free markets can corrode some characters while still enhancing others. Therefore, the results of a free market according to Gray will depend much on how one envisions life. Moreover, the thought that free markets emerge spontaneously with the removal of state interference in the market has been vehemently opposed. Therefore, free markets according to Gray do not indicate the absence of a government. In other words, in free markets, the markets depend on a system of laws, which decides what is to be traded or not. Hence, free markets due to social movement of stringent of laws governing what is to be traded always involve an aspect of moral constraints policed by governments, and depend on property rights that are created and enforced by the government. Free markets have however led to loss of susceptibilit y and productivity due to redistribution of wealth through taxes. All the same free markets are equivalent to having value in businesses so that organizations operate to standards of moral concepts in a pluralistic society (Griffiths n,d). Therefore, the market fundamentalism proposed by the rightwing was a harsh market dogma that erodes the market of the sustainability and responsibility befitted in a free market with its constraints and limitations. The core of the dogma, which was the assertion that such removal of government control in

Finance market Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Finance market - Essay ExampleRWT basically stated that uncollectible price changes were independent and identically distributed, so that the past price info had no predictive force out for future share price movements. RWT also stated that the statistical distribution of price changes from transaction to transaction had mortal variance. In addition, if transactions were fairly uniformly spread across time and were large in numbers, therefore the Central Limit Theorem suggested that the price changes would be linguistic rulely distributed. Kendall (1953) calculate the first differences of twenty-two different sorry price series at weekly intervals from 486 to 2,387 terms. He concluded that the ergodic changes from one term to the contiguous were large and obfuscated any systematic effect which may be present. In fact, he stated that the data behaved almost worry a wandering series (random walk). Specifically, an analysis of share price movement revealed little in series(p ) correlation, with the conclusion that there was very little predictability of movements in share prices for a week ahead without impudent information. In 1959, Roberts generated a pattern of market levels and changes akin to real levels and changes in the Dow Jones Industrial Index. He estimated the fortune of different share price movements over time by using a frequency distribution of historical changes in the weekly market index, and assumed weekly changes were independently drawn from a normal distribution with a mean of + 0.5 and a standard deviation of 5.0. He concluded that changes in guarantor prices behaved as if they had been generated by a simple chance model .The fundamental concept behind random walk theory is that competition in perfect markets would remove excess economic profits, except from those parties who exercised almost degree of market monopoly. This meant that a trader with specialized information about future events could profit from the monopolistic access to information, but that fundamental and technical analysts who rely on past information should not continue to have speculative gains.From the empirical evidence and theory of random walks arose the theory of efficient markets. Fama (1970, 1976) gives out the enlarge of the early literature on both the theoretical and empirical foundations of the Efficient Markets Hypothesis, whilst Cuthbertson (1996) summarizes the latest research developments. period EMH has empirical findings in respect of aspects like market perfection and information availability when combined with practices like trading platform and transaction costs may produce only marginal and well calculated opportunities for speculative gains many other economists have quoted the existence of stock market cockles. A bubble is more often than not defined by the economists as a deviation from stock market fundamentals whereas Kindleberger reckons a bubble as an upward price movement over an extended range that tends to implode (Kindleberger 1996). By the alike(p) analogy an extended negative bubble is a crash. The existence of such situations has immediate