Reasons for the failure of Germany in World War II Essay

Backing to the year 1933, National Socialist Adolf Hitler became the leader of Germany and began a massive rearming campaign. This worried France and the United Kingdom, who had lost much in the previous war, as well as Italy, which saw its territorial ambitions threatened by those of Germany. Hitler was convinced that fate had chosen him to rescue a humiliated nation from the shackles of the Versailles Treaty, from Bolsheviks and Jews. Thus he wanted to wage war in order to recover Germany. Eventually, in 1939 with the German invasion of Poland, the World War II’s European battleground began. On September 1st 1939, German armies invaded Poland and henceforth Hitler’s main energies were devoted to the conduct of a war he had unleashed to dominate Europe and secure Germany’s â€Å"living space†. The first phase of World War II was dominated by German Blitzkrieg tactics: sudden shock attacks against airfields, communications, military installations, using fa st mobile armor and infantry to follow up on the first wave of bomber and fighter aircraft. Poland was overrun in less than one month, Denmark and Norway in two months, Holland, Belgium, Luxemburg and France in six weeks. After the fall of France in June 1940 only Great Britain stood firm. Just as what he had prophesied at the end of January 1939, that â€Å"if the international financial Jewry within and outside Europe should succeed once more in dragging the nations into a war, the result will be, not the Bolshevization of the world and thereby the victory of Jewry, but the annihilation of the Jewish race in Europe†.(Evans, R. J., 2005 ). For many points to the reparation payments that Germans had to pay after the first world war as the cause of this downturn. Both through envy and despise, he and many other Germans began to scapegoat the Jews as the cause of all their suffering. Jews were slaughtered during the World War II by German armies. Exactly as the film â€Å"Schindler’s List† (1993) directed by Steven Spielberg showed that the figure for the number of Jews who were killed in the Holocaust is about 5.7 million to 6.0 million. However, it was still the same country which was always be regarded as the strong during the whole process of World War II, Germany was one of the vanquished countries of WWII. It was concluded from the army strength and the historical evidence of the condition of the WWII that although Germany was powerful during the World War II, Germany was defeated by its vanity, without people’s support and Hitler’s dictatorship. According to Lowe, K (2012), by Ian Locke’s examining the British attainment of German industry. Although German economic was better than any other European countries at that time, German was still not enough powerful to wage the war. The advanced science and technology might help Germany equip its army well. Which leads to most of the German tanks and other weapons were way ahead of anything their opponents had to offer. Their tanks were faster, better armored and had a longer range than anything the allies had available. However, after America joined the war and supplied the British and Russians with armaments, the flood gates were opened and the battlefields were swamped by technically inferior but numerically superior weapons. Once overview the domestic ground condition of Germany in 1945. It was obviously that Germany made too many enemies. Germany during World War II, focusing particularly on the evidence gathered from archival sources at the Russian Federation’s Foreign Ministry Historical Documents Department. On April 27, 1945, the Soviet 70th Army of the 2nd Byelorussian Front under the management of Marshal Konstantin Rokossovsky held the town of Prenzlau as part of the Soviet process to take Berlin, Germany. The reason to this tragic historical event is that Germany had not been fully focused on the defense for the camp. Meanwhile, Germany was also fighting against Great Britain. (Zaleeva, A. A., 2010) During the World War II, it was the period that airpower was the element of crucial importance. Losing airpower usually means losing the victory. Based on the record of the history by Harvey, A. D(2012). German Luftwaffe battled against the British Royal Air Force during the Air Battle of Britain in 1940. The Luftwaffe failed to properly identify their numerical advantages over the RAF within their missions. Including Nazi military leader Hermann Gà ¶ring, German Messerschmitt Bf109 military fighter planes, and U.S. Army Air Force Lieutenant James Doolittle. After the losses of the Air Battle of Britain, the Luftwaffe never fully recovered. By 1944, they had lost control of the skies over most of Europe and were subject to 24hour bombing. It was because lack of airpower meant lack of photo reconnaissance, so the German high commands were making decisions without proper intelligence. Since losing the resource gates in the previous battle and having blind confidence about the airpower itself. The air warfare strategies used for bomber and fighter aircraft during both events. It was because German looked down upon the Royal Air Force, leading to the lack of airpower so that lacking of photo reconnaissance. Eventually it resulted in German failure of WWII. Moving to the reason why Nazi government could not gain people’s support. From the career of Albert Speer, principal architect of the Nazi regime, who played the role in the atrocities committed by Germany in World War II. Among his major responsibilities was the procurement of manpower to keep the Nazi factories in operation which played an important role in the organization of the Nazi forced-labor programs. Since labors were forced to work, they were not willi ng to do it, so German domestic residents were not support the war. They were working without their own willingness. In this case, not even to mention to gain any support from allies. Only the country who had the same objective by waging the war made friendship with Germany, most of other countries were standing against Germany, it also indicate that only through following people’s heart, can they lead a strong army. And Germany made too many enemies all over the world was another reason for its failure. (Forsgren, R. 2012) Last but seems to be the most general one is the system of organization. Looking back to Adolf Hitler’s biography, Strategy used by him to strengthen the violence on the roads; Purpose of the government for not legally banning communists; Connection between social democrats and communists; Reason behind the firing of judges, state prosecutors and judicial officials in Germany. Diplomatically, his style of leadership involved him personally taking all the major decisions, with little delegation. Under the circumstances, his dictatorship dominated Germany. Leading to a dictatorial government in which one person has absolute power, often backed by the military, over the entire country and its people. What is more, he removed certain rights from people, most of the time trespassed certain human rights.(Zaleeva, A. A. 2010) The mental state of general Germans at that time was blind and lack of personal thinking. The way they followed was the responsibility which was given by their nation, no matter it was right or not. Under this situation, the wrong war was waged. It could be concluded from the personal diary of August Tà ¶pperwien, a German Protestant, who was not a Nazi and however maintained a loyal nationalism to the end. In so doing, it probes the troubled morality of someone whose conflicting senses of personal duty and political obligation found their vent in pages of silent self-reflection, and so reveal with an unusual simplicity of the underlying frames of moral refe rence, which so often remain implicit and argued in the short-hand and rational of other diaries and family letters, let alone macro-level surveys of widely held attitude. From his personal feeling, the responsibility that led to Germany’s failure is that German’s soldiers wrongly regarded the support for the Nazi regime and for the war were the same thing then overrated their power to against the rest of the world. (Stargardt, N. 2010). World War II is the largest war in human’s history, which causes the most losses, either the number of casualties or economic losses, and brings human being disasters. It lasted for 6 years, more than 60 countries or regions took part in the war. The immediate cause of the outbreak of World War II is fascist regime, the rapid rise. Fascist rulers head of Germany, Italy, Japan in order to achieve the re-divide the world and expand their areas attempted to cause the War. With Germany was defeated in North Africa and Stalingrad. In 1943, with a series of German defeats in Eastern Europe, the Allied invasion of Fascist Italy, and American victories in the Pacific, the Axis lost the initiative and under took strategic retreat on all fronts. In 1944, the Western Allies invaded France, while the Soviet Union regained all of its territorial losses and invaded Germany and its allies. In April 1945, the Soviet Union occupied Berlin as Hitler committed suicide. Germany surrendered unconditionally on May 7th, 1945. The war in Europe ended. Later 1945, World War II was completely ended with Japan’s unconditional surrender. Fortunately, this costed more than six years’ war eventually ended with the victory of the world anti-fascist alliance. Looking back to the history, by summing up the reasons why the result was occurred, it is reasonable that Germany would fail in this war obviously. Under Hitler’s dictatorial domination and the excitation with their early victory, Germany became more and more arrogant. Regarding they could achieve whatever they wanted to come true. Dreaming to dominate the other nations all over the world even without their domestic support. History was correct, it chose the victory deserved to win. Peaceful Americans, grieved British, tough and tensile Soviet and Chinese made great contribution to international public. No matter how it was negative at the beginning of the war, they never gave up. By taking up the vital point of Germany, international public finally made the gorgeous reversal come true. How foolish that German looked down upon such opponents! Although Germany was powerful during the World War II, Germany was defeated by its vanity, without people’s support and Hitler’s dictatorship eventually. References 1. Evans, R. J. (2005). Hitler’s Dictatorship. (Cover story). History Review, (51), 20-25. 2. Forsgren, R. (2012). The Architecture of Evil. New Atlantis: A Journal Of Technology & Society, 3644-62. 3. Harvey, A. D. (2012). The Battle of Britain, in 1940 and â€Å"Big Week,† in 1944: A Comparative Perspective. Air Power History, 59(1), 34-45. 4. Lowe, K. (2012). From the Archive. History Today, 62(2), 72. 5. Steven, S. (1993). Schindler’s List 6. Stargardt, N. (2010). The Troubled Patriot: German Innerlichkeit in World War II*. German History, 28(3), 326-342. 7. Zaleeva, A. A. (2010). Freeing Belgian Generals from the Prenzlau Nazi POW Camp. International Affairs: A Russian Journal Of World Politics, Diplomacy & International Relations, 56(4), 242-246.

Mind and Matrix Essay

Epistemology is the nature of knowledge. Knowledge is important when considering what is reality and what is deception. The movie â€Å"The Matrix† displays a social deception in which Neo, the main character, is caught between what he thought was once reality and a whole new world that controls everything he thought was real. If I were Neo, I would not truly be able to know that I was in the matrix. However, it is rational to believe that I am in the matrix and will eventually enter back into my reality later. The proof that that I can know that I am in the matrix and that I will return to reality comes from the responses of foundationalism, idealism, and pallibalism. To begin, foundationalism is the essence of what we are certain of. Many philosophers argue on the basis of foundationalism to find out where knowledge begins. This will help determine if Neo would be able to know or not know if he is dreaming up the matrix or in fact that it is reality. The popularity of foundationalism starts with Descartes. He challenged the previously popular skepticism. In Descartes Meditations he discusses many issues relating to the question of â€Å"where does knowledge come from? † His main arguments appear in his dreaming argument. He first begins by stating 1. I often have perceptions very much like the ones I usually have in sensation while I am dreaming. Then he goes on to say 2. There are no definite signs to distinguish dream experience from waking experience. These two premises lead to the conclusion that 3. It is possible that I am dreaming right now and that all my perceptions are false. This shows that there is no real way to know to know anything. Descartes add to his argument using foundationalism. â€Å"‘Throughout my writings I have made it clear that my method imitates that of the architect. When an architect wants to build a house which is stable on ground where there is a sandy topsoil over underlying rock, or clay, or some other firm base, he begins by digging out a set of trenches from which he removes the sand, and anything resting on or mixed in with the sand, so that he can lay his foundations on firm soil. In the same way, I began by taking everything that was doubtful and throwing it out, like sand †¦ (Replies 7, AT 7:537)’ (Lex, Newman)†. This explains how foundationalism works; you must remove all of your doubt to advance to the foundationtion of which you are sure of. This is called the method of doubt. Once you know what you are sure of, you can build up knowledge from there. Many wonder how we can wonder we are not dreaming. Some agree that you cannot feel pain in a dream, but others say they have. The argument that dreams are not related to memory is strong because most people do not remember their dreams. Descartes explains that in a dream you can feel as if you are using all of your senses, but they seem to be more vague than when awake. Descartes struggles with the dream issue until he comes upon his conclusion. â€Å"‘I now notice that there is a vast difference between [being asleep and being awake], in that dreams are never linked by memory with all the other actions of life as waking experiences are. †¦ But when I distinctly see where things come from and where and when they come to me, and when I can connect my perceptions of them with the whole of the rest of my life without a break, then I am quite certain that when I encounter these things I am not asleep but awake. (Med.6, AT 7:89-90)’ (Lex, Newman)†. This dream argument attributes to how we can know anything. For Neo’s sake it helps him decide weather he is really in the matrix or not. In addition to foundationalism proving that knowledge is built up from what we are certain of, idealism plays an important role of arguing that all reality is in the mind. Descartes’ argument for idealism explains how knowledge of reality is possible. He goes through the process of using an example like a pen and justifying its existence. There are 3 steps to this process: 1. I know I perceive the pen. 2. To exist is to be perceived (Berkeley). 3. I know the pen exists. Another philosopher, Berkeley, argues esse est percipi, which translates to â€Å"to be is to be perceived†. This means that if you are perceived you exist and the same thing goes for reality. There are issues that argue against idealism; one of these arguments is that we have no conception of unperceived matter. As soon as you perceive it you can conceive it. The only problems with this argument are the fact that many people perceive the distant path. An example of this is the â€Å"Big Bang† theory. Also the perception of the atom and distant galaxies furthermore cause a problem. So idealism still stands strong. Neo’s perception of the matrix exists so therefor Neo believes that the matrix is real. Yet there remains one more response to furthermore prove that Neo is rational to believe he is in the matrix. This is the response to Pallibalism, the theory that knowledge does not require certainty. This response goes about saying that we are certain of our minds and our own existence. Neo has knowledge of the matrix, but there is no certainty with his knowledge. Noe is able to perceive the surroundings around him in the matrix and he can be sure he is not dreaming, but he can not know for sure if the matrix is truly real. The case for this is that he could be just a brain in a Vat in a giant virtual reality. Another example similar to â€Å"The Matrix† is â€Å"The Trueman Show†. In this case it is a local deception rather than a social deception. Pallibalism agrees with foundationalism and idealism in the fact that knowledge is an abstract notion and the only thing that one can be certain of is them selves. Clearly then, foundationalism, idealism, and pallibalism all fit together to prove that Neo can not be certain of the matrix, but only himself. Also it further explains how it is rational for him to believe that the matrix exists through his perception of the matrix and the knowledge he obtains when he is there. The growth of knowledge in Neo’s mind is possible what is his deception. The more he perceives could possible be more he is deceived. What we know about reality is all in our minds and if we can only be certain of ourselves and our own existence then the reality that we perceive and conceive does exist. So the answer is yes, Neo can know that he is in the matrix, but this does not necessarily mean the matrix exists. As far as Neo knows the matrix does exist and that he will return to what he thought was his reality later, knowing that there is more than just his world. Works Cited Newman, Lex, â€Å"Descartes’ Epistemology†, The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Spring 1999 Edition), Edward N, Zalta (ed. ), URL= http://plato. stanford. edu/archives/spring1999/entries/Descartes.

Analysis of Weinberger’s Concepts of Cyberwarfare

Analysis of Weinbergers Concepts of Cyberwarfare In June 2010, analysts from the antivirus software company VirusBlokAda examined a computer in Iran due to suspicion of malware activity. Lurking inside the machine was a computer worm known as Stuxnet. Stuxnet possessed an array of abilities, among them was the ability to â€Å"target the software that controls pumps, valves, generators and other industrial machines† (Weinberger, 2011). Unlike other viruses that use forged security clearances to gain access into systems, Stuxnet â€Å"took advantage of two digital certificates of authenticity stolen from respected companies† (Weinberger, 2011). Furthermore, it exploited â€Å"four different ‘zero day vulnerabilities'† which are security gaps that system creators were unaware of (Weinberger, 2011). According to Liam O Murchu, chief of security response of Symantec, once Stuxnet infected a system, â€Å"the crucial parts of its executable code would become active only if that machine was also running Sie mens Step 7, one of the many supervisory control and data (SCADA) systems used to manage industrial processes† (Weinberger, 2011). Symantec also discovered that â€Å"the majority of infections were in Iran† and that â€Å"the infections seemed to have been appearing there in waves since 2009† (Weinberger, 2011). Further investigation performed by Ralph Langner, a control-system security consultant, resulted in evidence that â€Å"Stuxnet had been deliberately directed against Iran†, the most likely target being Iran’s Nuclear Enrichment Facility in Natanz. (Weinberger, 2011). According to Langner, Stuxnet â€Å"was designed to alter the speed of the delicate centrifuges† which separated Iran’s â€Å"rare but fissionable isotope uranium -235 from the heavier uranium -238† (Weinberger, 2011). Improper alteration of the centrifuges could result in them spinning out of control and breaking. Although the Iranian Government refuses t o admit that Stuxnet was responsible for the destruction of many centrifuges at Natanz, the results from Langner and others is credited by reports from the International Atomic Energy Agency. The IAEA documented a â€Å"precipitous drop in the number of operating centrifuges in 2009, the year that many observers think Stuxnet infected computers in Iran† (Weinberger, 2011). There is no evidence beyond rumor that Israel or the US Government may have been behind the attack. Symantec notes that â€Å"a name embedded in Stuxnet’s code, Myrtus, could be a reference to a biblical story about a planned massacre of Jews in Persia† (Weinberger, 2011). Moreover, Langner believes that the U.S. Government could have been behind the attack considering they possess â€Å"both the required expertise in cyber warfare and a long-standing goal of thwarting Iran’s nuclear ambitions† (Weinberger, 2011). Irrespective of Stuxnet’s creator, the main growing fear is who will redesign it. Stuxnet was the first weapon created entirely out of code and proved that â€Å"groups or nations could launch a cyber-attack against a society’s vital infrastructures† (Weinberger, 2011). Many of the investigators that studied Stuxnet concluded that it â€Å"essentially laid out a blueprint for future attackers to learn from and perhaps improve† (Weinberger, 2011). Stuxnet opened a new era of warfare and with its code available online for anyone to study and improve, it has computer scientists like Yuval Elovici concerned that the next wave of cyber-attacks would be much â€Å"stronger than the impact of setting several atomic bombs on major cities† (Weinberger, 2011).

International Relations. Approaches To Poverty, Environmental Issues Essay

International Relations. Approaches To Poverty, Environmental Issues - Essay Example These set the framework within which the State, International Organisations and Non-State Actors work together. The State The state is the most important and the most central element of International Relations. This is basically because International Relations attempts to examine and evaluation the relationship between countries in the 'family of nations'. As such, the nation or the state becomes the fundamental actor that constitutes the basis of the various activities of International Relations. International Relations aims at creating a framework through which nations relate to each other. The world 'international' could be construed as a set of bilateral and multilateral systems that are used to analyse and evaluate the contact and transactions between nations and states. As such, the state forms the basic unit through which the framework for International Relations can be created and prepared for various levels of analyses and evaluation. As such, the Sovereign State becomes the basic element of International Relations. A state has permanent populations, occupies a defined territory, has a central government and is independent of other states with similar governments. As such, the government of each state has the duty of maintaining its own structures, systems and institutions. By International Law and International Convention, each nation's government is autonomous. As such, International Relations gives these governments an avenue to interact with each other. This again confirms that without states with defined boundaries, International Relations would be impossible in both the theoretical and practical sense. Although the State is the main Actor in International Relations, it is by no means the only Actor. There are other Actors that are woven into the theory of International Relations through various situations and circumstances. Basically, these Actors come to play because of the role of International Law and International Convention. They include Int ernational Organisations and Non-State Actors. International Organisations International Organisations are those organisations that have the force and authority to operate because of agreements between various nations. In other words, they come to being through international conventions and treaties. They are meant to supervise certain defined interest and requirements that allow International Relations to be carried out. Such entities vary in their authority and scope. Whereas some are very powerful and are more or less like states, others are less powerful and are set up to attain defined ends. Thus, an international organisation like the European Union, which has a supranational authority and is a system through which states have ceded a level of their authority becomes a crucial actor that has a similar merit as a state in International Relations. On the other hand, there are some other players like the World Trade Organisation, regional groupings like the South African Developm ent Community amongst others. By far, the United Nations seem to be the most powerful of International Organisations. This is because it has the mandate of almost all nations around the world and it co-ordinates the activities of major international organisations and defines the territorial integrity of nations around the world and International Law. Non-State Actors Aside States and International Organisations, there are other actors that are often called Non-State Actors in International Relations. These are entities that have or promote ties between two or more nations around th

Financial Analysis of Marks and Spencer Research Paper

Financial Analysis of Marks and Spencer - Research Paper Example New innovative product and services. Charge cards, currency exchange and wedding insurance Large investment on R&D with long and existing history on brand development (e.g. Charge cards, wedding and travel insurance). Effective and easy distribution chain. Stores located in almost all of UK major cities, online sales and catalogue. Co-branding with HSBC a great opportunity for new products and services launch Continuous improvement and development of new products i.e. charge card, wedding insurance with musicians and artists. Many of the brands are well known, cost leadership with high quality. A major player in the clothing industry with continuous increase in record revenue and own brand of children's apparel Low cost operators, product differentiation, broad market focus Opportunities. Developing market opportunities and emerging markets. The potentials associated with the internet are numerous. Creating a customer supplier interface will proof quite profitable. Developing countries markets still remain virgin. This market makesup80% of the world's population. Entering and strengthening holds into potential markets such as India and China. Opportunities for merger, acquisition, and joint ventures are bound. The world becoming a global village is an indication of weakening trade barriers. The creation of a common market for Europe and Africa. Mortgage lending makes up about 75% of UK retail lending market. Opportunities abound in this market. Existing relationship with HSBC bank could be exploited as a breakthrough into other European markets. E-marketing for M&S money could create a strategic interface with other product of the M&S group . Threats More than ten competitors and other niche players operating almost in the same markets and products....This section also uses the balance score card to provide a methodology for approaching the valuation and an appraisal of the method used as opposed to other methods. Section 5 provides a conclusion and a recommendation. Marks and Spencer Group plc is the holding company of the Marks & Spencer group of companies. The Company is a retailer of clothing, food and home products. The Company trades in wholly owned stores in the Republic of Ireland and Hong Kong, as well as in worldwide franchise stores. It had 144 Simply Food stores across the United Kingdom. International business comprises wholly owned stores, in the Republic of Ireland and Hong Kong, and 198 M&S branded franchise stores worldwide, including 22 stores opened during the fiscal year ended April 1, 2006. The company proves to be the most profitable earning a return on equity of 45% in 2006. One can also observe improvements in the figures from 2005 except the figure for return on investment which witnessed a decrease from 12% in 2005 to 10% in 2006. However, the company is more profitable than most of the industry peer group. The liquidity ratios show that the operating leverage is very high. This is because it current liabilities outweigh current assets. Its cash flows from operations might therefore be unable to cover current liabilities.

The writer can write any suitable topic relating to what he's Essay

Client Relationship Management - Essay Example It will encompass the details of the topic of discussion on how it has been leveraged by the companies to gain the competitive advantage over the others. It will also contain important industrial examples to justify the statements. The client relationship management (CRM) of an organization involves the interaction of company with its customers and other external business partners. The interactions with the clients are mostly conducted in such a manner that it leads to a long-term working relationship with them. CRM has come to the vanguard of organizational practices only since the last ten years (Ed, 2008). The terminology of CRM may be relatively new, but the underlying concept is being used for a relatively long period of time. The business houses have tried out different forms of customer retention techniques to ensure a steady cash flow and gain a strong position in the industry. However, the CRM that is commonly used today is quite different from that of the past practices. Previously, the employees used to keep track of the loyal customers by memorizing their identities and keeping track of their preferences. This process may be effective in maintaining a good relationship with the customers, leading to customers’ retention by increasing the likelihood of the customers’ return. Over time the business market scenario has changed. This is mostly because of the increased competition from newly developed firms and changing demand of customers. Customer or Client Relationship Management becomes quite difficult when the business of the company starts to grow with the increased customer base and increased product portfolio (Buttle, 2008). It then becomes almost impossible for the employees to memorize the identity and preferences of all the customers. Modern client relationship management is mostly technology driven. There are several CRM softwares available for the firms which can be utilized to track the consumers’ behavior and their purchase pattern (Fjermestad, 2006).

Capital Market Theories Market Efficiency Versus Investor Prospects Essay

Capital Market Theories Market Efficiency Versus Investor Prospects - Essay Example One example of such services is information technology consultancy provided by the external auditors to their audit clients. This approach was an already existing policy of many good governance advocates. The huge scandals that involved companies like, Enron and WorldCom, who were associated with accounting frauds characterized by presentation of obscure, incomplete and confusing financial data and business relationships that had misled external investors, had suggested the necessity to introduce an act that will impose strict regulations on the accounting system all over the world, thereby giving rise to a robust governance framework. That being said, it is not surprising that following the scandals, the reforms that were brought in the post-SOX governance framework were mostly related to the process of auditing and presenting financial data. The largest dollar impact on the US economy was stimulated by the post-SOX changes made in the auditing regulations. The post-SOX reforms were directed towards eliminating and reducing relationships that may pressurize, tempt or influence an external auditor into acting in a biased manner towards their corporate clients. The underlying idea behind these changes was to render the auditing officials less likely to fall into the pattern of acting as reciprocating relatives. This was done in order to satisfy their interests at the expense of the investments made by the public. As far as the new audit related changes in the board of governance is concerned, the mandates had called for changes to be made in the managerial level in order to reduce any conflict of interest and interpersonal pressures. This reform was brought primarily because it would require the directors to act as judgmental monitors of management instead of acting as a reciprocating friend. In addition to these rules that emphasized on conflict reduction, other standards were also

Canadian And World Issues- GMO and the Bee Essay

Canadian And World Issues- GMO and the Bee - Essay Example GMOs affect the environment and systems in different perspectives. Use of GM plants encourages the use of herbicides and insecticides in farming (Lichtfouse, 2010). These herbicides can potentially harm birds, insects, soil organisms and marine ecosystems owing to its toxicity. This brings about a reduction in biodiversity, pollution of water resources and there an almost zero sustainability. The GMOs also cause reduced births and regeneration of other species of plants and animals (Carter, Moschini & Sheldon, 2011). The long-term effects of GMOs are usually unpredictable. GMOs may cause long-term toxicity of the organisms through unclean agricultural methods. Toxicity of organisms is promoted by their likelihood to develop bioaccumulation effects of chemicals from pesticides. The explicit nature of the GM crops is such that there are fewer weed flowers, meaning less nectar for prospective cross pollinators. Specific constraints associated with GMOs include increased cases of food allergies, significant decrease in the foods’ nutritional value and increased body resistance to antibiotics Scientifically, through comparable research findings, it is highly un-recommended that an individual eat GM foods on a daily basis. In fact, consumption of GM foods has no complete approval from both health experts and the scientific community who have established the side effects of GMOs (Carter, Moschini & Sheldon, 2011). Therefore, a person would have numerous problems by opting to consume GMO regularly including enhanced chances for nutritional – related ailments such as diabetes, anemia and food poisoning. It is a factual assertion that human food supply is an interconnected system of processes and inputs by different actors. The components of the food supply work in a coordinated and integrated manner with each one complementing the other. So said, it therefore mean that

God In You Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

God In You - Essay Example Dreams illuminate our lives; however, the peaks are higher than the imagination. Jeremiah feels a great joy to participate in God’s work in the hearts and lives of people. God keeps his servants humble and saves them from temptation and self-centeredness. The devotion should be continuous and constant. The commitment is for life; and our dreams should be greater than our memories. When disciples worry about the future and ask to see the Father, Jesus answers that the Father dwells in Him and He is acting on his behalf. Jesus told his disciples that all his words, the miracles he accomplished and all deeds are God’s actions, not His. Jesus Explains that his presence is not necessary, God’s work will continue and that they may even have greater accomplishment than Him. He urges them to look in the future and not look back. Even though Jesus’ hint that his disciples can do greater work may be blasphemous, he invokes their beliefs and faith. In fact, the promi se of doing greater work is linked to the coming of the Holy Spirit. However, Jesus had to leave for the Holy Spirit to come, which he clearly explained to his disciples. Therefore Jesus’ crucifixion, then ascension, was followed by the pouring of the Holy Spirit that becomes the third part of the Trinity. Then Peter, filled with the Holy Spirit, said to them, â€Å"Rulers of the people and elders of Israel: If we this day are judged for a good deed done to a helpless man, by what means he has been made well, let it be known to you all, and to all the people of Israel, that by the name of Jesus Christ of Nazareth, whom you crucified, whom God raised from the dead, by Him this man stands here before you whole† (NKJV, Acts 4: 8-10). Jesus advocates the importance of the spiritual over the material and the eternal over the temporal. â€Å"Then Jesus, being filled with the

Evaluation of five sites Essay Example for Free

Evaluation of five sites Essay The first website which I have chosen to do an evaluation on is a mobile company called, Vodafone. www. vodafone. co. uk The purpose of this website is to give Vodafone customers a chance to see the new deals the company have to offer, and to view the latest mobile handsets on the market. I my first impression of this website, is that it is very basic and easy to understand. The website designer has kept the theme of grey and red colours, throughout the whole website. I feel that this gives the feeling to the users a sense of professionalism. The website is full of hyperlinks which are quite easy to follow as, they are marked quite clearly. The website has been divided into six sections, but to view most of these you must register your details. By registering your details you are entitled to access free monthly web texts, and also you may be able to receive free registering credit. These offers are highlighted quite clearly on the website these make it appealing for the user to continue to brose the website. This will then entail the users to become a regular user of the Vodafone services. To conclude I feel that this website is quite appealing and I feel that the use of colour is just right, as too much colour may lead users to think that the website is designed for younger use. I liked the website because, it had attractive special offers to regular computer users and Vodafone customers. Overall I give this website a rating of 9/10. My second evaluation is on the website for the television soap, Eastenders. Here is the homepage of the website: This website is designed to provide viewers of the latest storylines, information on the soaps charters and also there are games for those to have a better understanding on what is going on the weekly soap. My first impression of this website is quite different to that of the Vodafone website. I feel now after viewing the graphics to this, the Vodafone website is quite plain. I feel that this homepage would be very appealing to people of all ages whom are interested in the daily soap. There are many different hyperlinks which lead into a series of completely different areas of the website. These different areas include, backstage knowledge, games, latest storylines and competitions. These are quite easy to access and are marked very clearly for anyone who visits the website for the first time. The colours, which have been used, are very imaginative, and very eye catching. In the background it has a picture of one of the leading ladies who is taking part in this weeks biggest storyline. This makes the user feel interested in what is going to happen in the next episode; therefore they stay to view the link. Overall I think so far out of the two website I have viewed that this would appeal most to me as a regular user of the Internet and its services. The third website which I have chosen to evaluate is a well-known music television programme called, cd: UK www. cduk. com It is designed to show viewers what goes on behind the scenes, up and coming venues and dates, information on the weekly stars which appear on the show, and the latest music charts in UK I found that this website was very eye-catching, with bright colours and imaginative. But the first thing that I noticed was the unnecessary icons in which the web designer has included. Users are able to change the background colour of the website which really in no use or in connection with the website or what it is about. Also to view the comments, which the readers have written there, is a very awkward scroll that you have to use. I feel that young sers or those with disabilities would not very easily use this, as it is not marked clearly on the page. On the other hand I feel that the graphics are quite good once you find your way around them though its hard to find your way around. I feel that this website could be improved a lot if the scroll bar was presented in a more simplified manner to make it user to access the information. Also if unnecessary things such as colour changes were not on the homepage would make this more appealing to older Internet users. My fourth evaluation is on a movie website, www. harrypotter. com: My first impression of this website is that it keeps the theme of ancient drawings and colours throughout the website. Which I feel is quite relevant to the movie. There is plenty of hyperlinks, which gives many clips form, the actual movie, which for those who havent seen it would be encourage doing so. I think that the graphics here are particularly good, again with an ancient feeling. I found that this was quite simple to use, and I could make my way around the various links very easily. By simply clinking on the enter link, you are able to take a look inside the castle in which the movie is based inside, which has very detailed graphics which, I feel are very impressive. Also again there is a message board for the viewers to post their comments about the website. Overall I think that this website has had the best graphics so far, and is quite interesting for the viewer to browse through. I dont think that I could point out any main features that could be improved as, I was very impressed with the whole website. My fifth and final evaluation is on the website.

Evaluation of Code Smells Detection Using Meta-heuristics

Evaluation of Code Smells Detection Using Meta-heuristics Evaluation of code smells detection using Meta-heuristics  Optimization algorithm Ragulraja.M Abstract-The development of software systems over many years leads to needless complexity and inflexibility in  design which leads to a large amount of effort for enhancements and maintenance. To take code smells detection as a  distributed optimization problem. The intention is that to aggregates different methods in parallel way to achieve a  common goal detection of code smells. To this conclusion, it utilized Parallel Evolutionary algorithms (P-EA) where  numerous evolutionary algorithms with adaptation are executed in parallel cooperative manner, to find unanimity  between detection of code smells. An experimental results to compare the execution of our cooperative P-EA method with  random search, two genetic based approaches and two bad designs detection techniques are found to provide the  statistical measure of results witness to support the claim that cooperative P-EA is more economic and potential than the  art detection approaches based on benchmark of open source systems, whereas the results are generated in terms of  precision and recall incurred on various code smells types. In this approach should corroborate on an extra code smells  types with the objective of resolve the common applicability of our methodology. Keywords-Parallel Evolutionary Algorithm, Software Metrics, Code smells, Software Quality Engineering. I.INTRODUCTION Software maintenance projects are very  costly. The total maintenance costs of Software  project are estimated to 40%-70% of the total cost of the lifecycle of the project consequently, reducing the  effort spent on maintenance can be seen as a natural  way of reducing the overall costs of a software  project. This is one of the main reasons for the recent  interest in concepts such as refactoring and code  smells. Hence, researchers have proposed several  approaches to reduce defects in software .Suggested  solutions include improvement of clarity in software  design, effective use of process and product metrics,  achievement of extensibility and adaptability in the  development process. The research focusing on the  study of bad software designs also called bad smells  or code smells. To avoid these codes smells  developers to understand the structure of source code. The large systems of existing work in bad  smells or code smells detection relies on declarative  rule specification. In these specifications, rules are  manually constructed to identify symptoms that can  be used for categorization code smells with object  oriented metrics information. Each code smell, rules  are defined in the form of metrics combinations. Many studies reported that manual categorization  with declarative rule specification can be large. These  need a threshold value to specify the code smells. Further problem is that translation from symptoms to  rules is not obvious because there is no unanimity  symptom based description of bad smells. When unanimity occurs, the correlation of symptoms could  be consociated with code smells types, it leads to  precise identification of code smells types. To handle these problems, we plan to extend  an approach based on use of genetic programming to  provide detection rules from the examples of code  smells detection with metric combinations. However,  the quality of the rules depends on the behavioral  aspects of code smells, and it is not easy to confirm  that coverage also because there is still some  precariousness involves in detected code smells due  to the difficulty to evaluate the coverage of the base  of code smell examples. In another past work, we proposed technique  based on an artificial immune system metaphor to  detect code smells by deviation with well designed  systems. Thus, we believe in that an effective method  will be to merge with detection algorithms to  discover consensus when detecting code smells. We intend to provide code smells detection as a  distributed optimization problem.The implementation  of our approach can be established by combining  Optimization process in parallel manner to encounter  consensus involving detection of code smells. II. RELATED WORKS: There are various studies that have mainly  based on the code smells detection in software  engineering using different methods. These  methodologies range from fully automatic detection  to direct manual inspection. However,there is no  work that focuses on merging various detection  algorithms to find unanimity when identifying code  smells. In this work, the classification existing  approach for detection of code smells into various  broad categories: symptom based approaches, manual  approaches, metric based approaches, search based  approaches and cooperative based approaches. 2.1 Manual approaches: The software maintainers should manually  inspect the program to detect existing code  anomalies. In addition, they mentioned particular  refactoringà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸s for each code smells type. The  technique is to create a set of â€Å"reading techniques†Ã‚  which help a reviewer to â€Å"read† a design artifact for  calculating related information. The demerits of  existing manual approaches is that they are finally a  human centric process which involves a great human  effort and strong analysis and interpretation attempt  from software maintainers to find design fragments  that are related to code smells.Furthermore, these  methods are time consuming, error prone and focus  on programs in their contexts. Another significant  issue is that locating code smells manually has been  prescribed as more a human intuition than an accurate  science. 2.2 Metric based approaches: The â€Å"detection strategy†mechanism for  formulating metric based rules for finding deviations  from well design code. Detection strategies permits to  maintainer to directly find classes or methods  subjected by a particular design smells. These  detection strategies for capturing about ten important  flaws of object oriented design found in literature. It  is accomplished by evaluating design quality of an  object oriented system via quantifying deviations  from good design heuristics and principles by  mapping these design defects to class level metrics  such as complexity, coupling and cohesion by defining rules. Unfortunately, multi metrics neither  encapsulate metrics in a more abstract construct,nor  do they permit a negotiable combination of metrics. In common, the effectiveness of combining metric or  threshold is not clear, that is for each code smell,  rules that are declared in terms of metric  combinations need an important calibration effort to  find the fixing of threshold values for each metric. 2.3 Search based approaches: This approach is divined by contributions in  the domain of search based software engineering. SBSE uses search based approaches to resolve  optimizations problems in software engineering. Once the task is consider as a search problem, several  search algorithms can be employed to solve that  problem. Another approach is based on search based  techniques, for the automatic identification of  potential code smells in code. The detection focused  on thenotion that more code deviates from good  codes, the more likely it is bad. In another work,  detections rule will be produced and is described as a  combination of metrics or thresholds that better  similar to known an examples of bad smells. Then,  the correction solutions, a combination of refactoring  operations, should reduce the number of bad smells  detected using the detection rules. 2.4 Cooperative based approaches: Some cooperative approaches to reference  software engineering problems have been proposed  recently, in this program and test cases co-evolve,  regulating each other with the aim of fixing the  maximum number of bugs in the programs. The  objective is to improve the effectiveness of obtained  test cases by evaluating their capabilities to avoid  mutants.The P-EA proposal is vary from existing coevolutionary  approaches, this proposal based on two  populations that are referencing the same problem  from various perspectives. Finally, the genetic based  approaches are executed in parallel in our P-EA  framework. III. PROPOSED SCHEME In this paper, we suggested a new search  based approach for detection of code smells. In this  approach a parallel metaheuristic optimization  algorithm adaptation, two genetic populations are  involves simultaneously with the target of each  depending on the current population of other in a  parallel cooperative manner. Both populations are  generated, on the similar open source systems to  evaluate, and the solutions are punished based on the  intersection between the results of two populations  are found. We extend our approach to various code  smells types in order to resolve about common  applicability ofcooperative parallel search based  software engineering. Moreover, in this work we not  only focus on the detection of code smells but also  concentrate automated the correction of code smells. Furthermore, in this paper we consider the  essential need of code smells during the detection  procedure using existing code changes, classes and  coupling complexity. Hence, the detected code smells  will be ranked based on the severity score and also an  important score. We will measure also the use of  more than two algorithms executed in parallel  manner as a part our work to generate results of more  accuracy than art detection approach. The negative  impact on the code smells can be removed by  applying more than two algorithms in cooperative  manner ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸s difficult to find the consensus between  the code smells. The research work will direct our  approach to several software engineering problems  such as software testing and quality assurance. IV. PROPOSED ARCHITECTURE Fig 1:system architecture 1. Metrics Evaluation 2. Evolutionary Algorithms 3. Code Smell Detection 4.1 METRICS EVALUATION 4.1.1 CK METRIC SUITE Chidember and kemerer proposed a six metric  suite used for analyzing the proposed variable. The six  metric suite are: 1. Weighted Method Per Class(WMC): Consider a class C1 with methods M1†¦.Mn  that are included in class. Let C1,C2†¦Cn be the sum of  complexity. WMC=ÃŽ £ M 2. Depth Of Inheritance(DIT): The maximum length from the node to the  root of the tree. 3. Number Of Children(NOC): Number of immediate subclasses subordinated  to a class in the class hierarchy. 4. Coupling Between Objects(CBO): It is a count of the number of other classes to  which it is coupled. 5. Response For a Class (RFC) It is the number of methods of the class plus  the number of methods called by any of those  methods. 4.1.2 Lack Of Cohesion of Methods (LCOM)  Measure the dissimilarity of methods in a  class via instanced variables. 4.2 EVOLUTIONARY ALGORITHMS The fundamental think of both algorithms is  to explore the search space by devising a population  of candidate solutions, also called individuals,  germinate towards a â€Å"good† solution of a unique  problem. To measure the solutions, the fitness  function in both algorithms has two components. For  the first component of the fitness function, GP  evaluates the detection rules based on the coverage of  code-smells examples. In GP, a solution is combined  of terminals and functions. Hence, while applying GP  to clear particular problem, they should be carefully  collected and fashioned to fulfil the requirements of  the current problem. Afterwards, evaluating large  parameters concerned to the code-smells detection  problem, the terminal set and the function set are  recognized as follows. The terminals fit to different  quality metrics with their threshold values (constant  values). The functions that can be used between these  metrics ar e Union (OR) and Intersection (AND). The second algorithm run in parallel is  genetic algorithm that generates detectors from welldesigned  code examples. For GA, detectors defend  generated artificial code fragments dignified by code  elements. Thus, detectors are mentioned as a vector  where each dimension is a code element. We defend  these elements as sets of predicates. All predicate  type represents to a construct type of an objectoriented  system. Then, a set of best solutions are  collected from P-EA algorithms in each iteration,  Bothalgorithms interact with one other victimizing  the second component of the fitness function called  intersection function. 4.3 CODE SMELLS DETECTION Code smells are design flaws that can be  solved by refactoringà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸s. They are considered as flags  to the developer that some parts of the design may be  inappropriate and that it can be improved. For the  purpose of this work, we discuss a few representative  code smells. There are a lot of code smells mentioned  in the development of this work. A thorough catalog  of code smells can be found in Fowlers refactoring  book. As this work focuses on program analysis, code smells discussed in this work include those that  require analyses. Though this work develops only a  subset of the code smells, it provides some grounds  which can be adapted to other types of code smells. The set of best solutions from each algorithm is  stored and a new population of individuals is  generated by repetitively choosing pairs of parent  individuals from population p and employing the  crossover operator to them. We admit both the parent  and child variants in the new population pop. Then,  we apply the mutation operator, with a probability  score, for both parent and child to assure the solution  diversity; this produces the population for the next  generation. While applying change operators, no  individuals are transformed between the parallel  GA/GP. Both algorithms exit when the termination  criterion is met, and issue the best set of rules and  detectors. At last, developers can use the best rules  and detectors to find code-smells on new system to  evaluate. V. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS Fig 2: The impact of the nmber of code smell example on detection  results Fig 3: Average execution time comparison on the different system. VI. THREATS TO VALIDITY: Conclusion validity related with the  statistical relationship between the treatment and  outcome. The Wilcoxon rank sum test was used with  a 95 percent confidence level to test its important  differences exist between the measurements for  different treatments. This test makes no supposition  that the data is normally distributed and is suitable for  ordinal data, so we can be assured that the statistical  relationships observed are significant. The  comparison with other techniques not based on  heuristic search; consider the parameters obtained  with the tools. This can be regarded as a threat that  can be addressed in the future by developing the  impact of various parameters on the quality of results  of DÉCOR and JDeodorant. Internal validity is related with the casual  relationship between the treatment and outcome. To  consider the internal threats to validity in the  utilization of stochastic algorithms since this  experimental work based on 51 independent  simulation runs for each problem instance and the  obtained results are statistically analyzed by using the  Wilcoxon rank sum test with a 95 percent fair  comparison between CPU times. VII. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK In this approach a parallel metaheuristic  optimization algorithm adaptation, two genetic  populations are involves simultaneously with the  target of each depending on the current population of  other in a parallel cooperative manner. Both  populations are generated, on the similar open source  systems to evaluate, and the solutions are punished  based on the intersection between the results of two  populations are found.Moreover, in this work we not  only focus on the detection of code smells but also  concentrate automated the correction of code  smells.Furthermore, in this paper we consider the  essential need of code smells during the detection  procedure using existing code changes, classes and  coupling complexity. Hence, the detected code smells  will be ranked based on the severity score and also an  important score. We will measure also the use of  more than two algorithms executed in parallel  manner as a part our work to generate result s of more  accuracy than art detection approach. Future work  should corroborate our method with remaining code  smell types with the objective conclude about the  common applicability of our methodology. We will  assess also the use of more than the algorithm  accomplish simultaneously as a part of our rest of our  future work. Another future issue direction attached  to our approach is to adapt our cooperative parallel  evolutionary approach to various software  engineering problems such as software testing and  the following release problem. VIII. REFERENCES 1) WaelKessentini,MarouaneKessentini,HouariSahrao  ui, Slim Bechikh:†A Cooperative Parallel Search-Based Software Engineering Approach for Code-Smells Detection† IEEE Trans. Softw. Eng.,vol. 40,  no. 9, Sep 2014. 2) N. Moha, Y. G. Gu_eh_eneuc, L. Duchien, and A.  F. Le Meur, â€Å"DECOR: A method for the specification  and detection of code and design smells,† IEEE  Trans. Softw. Eng., vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 20–36,  Jan./Feb. 2010. 3) Chidamber, S., Kemerer, C.: „A metrics suite for  object oriented designà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸,IEEE Trans. Softw. Eng.,  1994, 20, (6), pp. 476–493.   4) Mark Harman and AfshinMansouri.:†Search Based  Software Engineering: Introduction to the Special  Issue of the IEEE Transactions on Software  Engineering†,† IEEE Trans. Softw. Eng., vol. 36, no.  6,Nov./Dec. 2010.   5) F. Khomh, S. Vaucher, Y. G. Gu_eh_eneuc, and H.A. Sahraoui, â€Å"A bayesian approach for the detection  of code and design smells,† in Proc. Int. Conf.  Quality Softw., 2009, 305–314. 6) R. Marinescu, â€Å"Detection strategies: Metrics-based  rules for detecting design flaws,† in Proc. 20th Int.  Conf. Softw. Maintenance, 2004, pp. 350–359. 7) M. Kessentini, W. Kessentini, H. A. Sahraoui, M.  Boukadoum, and A. Ouni, â€Å"Design defects  detection and correction by example,† in Proc. IEEE  19th Int. Conf. Program Comprehension, 2011, pp.  81–90. 8) T. Burczy_nskia, W. Ku_sa, A. D »ugosza, and P.  Oranteka,â€Å"Optimization and defect identification  using distributed evolutionary algorithms,† Eng.  Appl. Artif. Intell., vol. 4, no. 17, pp. 337–344, 2004. 9) A. Ouni, M. Kessentini, H. A. Sahraoui, and M.  Boukadoum, â€Å"Maintainability defects detection and  correction: A multiobjective approach,† Autom.  Softw. Eng., vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 47–79, 2012. 10) O. Ciupke, â€Å"Automatic detection of design  problems in objectoriented reengineering,† in Proc.  Int. Conf. Technol. Object-OrientedLanguage Syst.,  1999, pp. 18–32. 12) G. Travassos, F. Shull, M. Fredericks, and V. R.  Basili, â€Å"Detecting defects in object-oriented designs:  Using reading techniques to increase software  quality,† in Proc. Int. conf. Object-Oriented  Program.,Syst., Languages, Appl., 1999, pp. 47–56. 13) M. Harman, S. A. Mansouri, and Y. Zhang,  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Search-based software engineering: Trends,  techniques and applications,† ACM Comput. Surv.,  vol. 45, no. 1, 61 pages. 14) A. Arcuri, X. Yao, â€Å"A novel co-evolutionary  approach to automatic software bug fixing,† in Proc.  IEEE Congr. Evol. Comput., 2008, pp. 162–168. 15) M. J. Munro, â€Å"Product metrics for automatic  identification of „Bad Smellà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸ design problems in Java  source-code,† in Proc. IEEE 11th Int. Softw. Metrics  Symp., 2005, pp. 15–15.   16) W. Banzhaf, â€Å"Genotype-phenotype-mapping and  neutral variation: A case study in genetic  programming,† in Proc. Int. Conf. Parallel Problem  Solving from Nature, 1994, pp. 322–332. 17) W. H. Kruskal and W. A. Wallis, â€Å"Use of ranks in  one-criterion variance analysis,† J. Amer. Statist.  Assoc., vol. 47, no. 260, pp. 583–621, 1952. 18) W. J. Brown, R. C. Malveau, W. H. Brown, and  T. J. Mowbray, â€Å"Anti Patterns: Refactoring Software,  Architectures, and Projects in Crisis†. Hoboken, NJ,  USA: Wiley, 1998. 19) N. Fenton and S. L. Pfleeger, â€Å"Software Metrics:  A Rigorous and Practical Approach†. Int. Thomson  Comput. Press, London, UK, 1997.   20) Emerson Murphy-Hill, Chris Parnin, and Andrew  P. Black† How We Refactor, and How We Know  It†,IEEE Trans. Softw. Eng.,vol. 38,no. 1, Jan./Feb.  2012. 21) M. Fowler, K. Beck, J. Brant, W. Opdyke, and D.  Roberts, â€Å"Refactoring: Improving the Design of  Existing Code†. Reading, MA,USA: Addison  Wesley, 1999.

The Deception and Destruction of Purity in The Italian Essays -- Itali

The Deception and Destruction of Purity in The Italian Purity in the Gothic genre can be perceived from so many points of view. It involves sex, beauty, perception, and people's position in society. "The Italian" has many characters that behold either one or more of these traits. In this paper, we will explore how Ann Radcliffe uses purity and the deception and destruction of it to enhance her character's role in the Gothic genre. "The sweetness and fine expression of her voice attracted his attention to her figure, which had a distinguished air of delicacy and grace; but her face was concealed in her veil. (page 5)" From the very beginning of the book, Radcliffe lets us know that beauty and attraction will play an intricate part in the development of the story. But she also lets us know that it will not be an open perception, she hints toward an element of intrigue combined with the person's role that they play within society. Through the entire book, we find that Vivaldi is obsessed with the beauty of Ellena. Ellena appears to be so perfect and pure, Vivaldi can not help but to fall in love with her. Here sex and beauty themselves end up being the instigators of deception and destruction. As Vivaldi tries to get closer to Ellena, she seems to withdraw more and more into hiding. This creates an air of intrigue that makes Ellena more than irresistible to Vivaldi. This curiosity and intrigue that perplexes Vivaldi only becomes greater when he meets a mysterious monk on the road to Ellena's house. The monk warns Vivladi that he needs to stop his pursuit of Ellena and then he mysteriously disappears. So Vivaldi's intrigue that ends up being so deceptive and destructive, now exists on two levels with Ellena and the mon... ...as as deceptive and destructive as they come. For one, she held Ellena prisoner for frivolous reasons. Two, she tried to force Ellena to take the vows of a nun. I also believed that Olivia was deceptive, she tricked the Abbess and helped Ellena escape. So you see, you can not always trust the stereotypes of society, because even the most sanctimonious and respectable people can be the masters of art in deception and destruction of what is right, good, and pure. All five elements of purity in the Gothic genre have been deceived and destroyed in more ways than one. So whatever ideas of purity that anybody had before reading Ann Radcliffe's "The Italian," they are now completely altered and set in an entirely different genre. Do not always believe what you hear or see because you never know what deceptive or destructive element might be lurking around the corner.

Brazil :: essays research papers

Brazil LOCATION OF BRAZIL   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Brazil lies between thirty five degrees west longitude and seventy five degrees west longitude. Brazil also runs between five degrees north latitude and thirty five degrees south latitude. Brazil is located in mainly the eastern part of South America. This country sits in mostly the southern hemisphere of the world. Being completely on the west side of the world, Brazil is not all in the south side of the world. With the equator running through north Brazil, a small portion of Brazil, a small portion of Brazil is in the northern hemisphere. Brazil is bordered by a number of South American countries. Brazil borders Uruguay to the north; Argentina, Paraguay, Bolivia, and Peru to the east; Bogota to the southeast; Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, and French Guiana to the south; and the Atlantic Ocean to the west. PLACE OF BRAZIL   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The landscape of Brazil is covered with plains, plateaus, and tropical grasslands. The plains has a fertile ribbon of lowlands, about ten through thirty miles wide which are along the country's coastline. Behind the plains sits a huge interior plateau that runs steeply near the lowlands in front of it. This drop forms an escarpment, steep cliff that separates two level areas. In Brazil there is much poverty. People make a living there by subsistence farming. Even though they do farming subsistintly, they use much advanced farming there. Aside from farming there is much more to there culture. People there are involved a lot in astronomy and mathematics. Architecture is another way of living there. This used not only as a money making job, but private uses also. HUMAN ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION OF BRAZIL   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the 1500s, the Portuguese colonist built big sugar plantations along the fertile coastal plain and port cities to ship crops to Europe. Brazilian government has been tearing desolate slums, called favelas, down in order to improve Brazilian cities. These favelas were replaced with public housing people could afford. In 1955, Brazil decided to build a new capital city, 600 miles inland, called Brasilia, in order to decrease the population of the former capital Rio de Janeiro. Between 1940s and 1950s, Brazil's government built the country's first steel mill and oil refinery. The government also built it's firs series of dams to produce hydroelectricity in order to run industries. During the 1970s Brazil began a large road-building project beginning at Brasilia. At the same time Brazil developed a fuel called ethanol from sugarcane, and were clearing the Amazon to plant crops there. MOVEMENT OF BRAZIL Brazil was inhabited by Portuguese colonist in 1500. Brazil's colonist brought over three hundred million African slaves to Brazil, to work on the

The Virtual Neighborhood and Its Social Implications :: Argumentative Persuasive Essays

The Virtual Neighborhood and Its Social Implications My own feelings about the "virtual neighborhood" fall somewhere in between those of Jim Dewer and David Noble. I will very briefly make an attempt to sketch out some boundary lines and find myself therein. I distinguish two sides of the issue. One is the concept itself and the other is the proposed list of uses. Admittedly, the two of these are related. The Concept First of all, the "virtual neighborhood" is no real neighborhood and we need to avoid being unduly convinced by a metaphor which is just that, a metaphor, of limited use. A "virtual promise" is no real promise. A "virtual promise" does not hold up in court where contracts have to be demonstrable, e.g., in writing. The word 'virtual' means something idealized by projection and not actualized. Calling the Internet a "virtual neighborhood" is making a claim that we can re-create a familiar experience by projection into an enormous "ideal" electronic experience. Second, let us not forget to check to see whether a metaphor is appropriate. Just because it is a metaphor is no reason to believe it is a useful metaphor --- that is, a "noble falsehood." Does the idea of a virtual neighborhood have some nobility? If we stretch the neighborhood all the way around the world, what features of it can we justifiably expect to carry over into the virtual reality of the metaphor? And what won't stretch? Clearly, actual visualization, moment-by-moment multiple perception, and direction recognition/identification -- essential features of truly human contact -- don't stretch across this medium. We don't get to watch a person's "body language." Is the person uneasy? Confident? Intimacy is something that also belongs to most neighborhoods but doesn't travel well. For one thing, the network is too narrow a channel and it's set up for too much speed. Neighborhoods develop because we watch each other's kids grow up and we borrow each other's lawn mowers. And finally, I do not believe that commitment is something we'll find in the virtual neighborhood. When my virtual neighbor's URL burns down, will I be there with my bucket of fiberoptic? A neighborhood is something complex, something rich. Saying that we can re-create a neighborhood virtually across incredible distances and through a very limited medium has to be, in some real sense, very audacious. This is especially the case, I think, when we claim that intimacy can move without alteration across this medium.

Food Chains, Food Web, Ecological Pyramids Essay

In an ecosystem, plants capture the sun’s energy and use it to convert inorganic compounds into energy-rich organic compounds. This process of using the sun’s energy to convert minerals (such as magnesium or nitrogen) in the soil into green leaves, or carrots, or strawberries, is called photosynthesis. Photosynthesis is only the beginning of a chain of energy conversions. There are many types of animals that will eat the products of the photosynthesis process. Examples are deer eating shrub leaves, rabbits eating carrots, or worms eating grass. When these animals eat these plant products, food energy and organic compounds are transferred from the plants to the animals. These animals are in turn eaten by other animals, again transferring energy and organic compounds from one animal to another. Examples would be lions eating zebras, foxes eating rabbits, or birds eating worms. This chain of energy transferring from one species to another can continue several more times, but it eventually ends. It ends with the dead animals that are broken down and used as food or nutrition by bacteria and fungi. As these organisms, referred to as decomposers, feed from the dead animals, they break down the complex organic compounds into simple nutrients. Decomposers play a very important role in this world because they take care of breaking down (cleaning) many dead material. There are more than 100,000 different types of decomposer organisms! These simpler nutrients are returned to the soil and can be used again by plants. The energy transformation chain starts all over again. Producers: Organisms, such as plants, that produce their own food are called autotrophs. The autotrophs, as mentioned before, convert inorganic compounds into organic compounds. They are called producers because all of the species of the ecosystem depend on them. Consumers: All the organisms that can not make their own food (and need producers) are called heterotrophs. In an ecosystem heterotrophs are called consumers because they depend on others. They obtain food by eating other organisms. There are different levels of consumers. Those that feed directly from producers, i.e. organisms that eat plant or plant products are called primary consumers. In the figure above the grasshopper is a primary consumer. Organisms that feed on primary consumers are called secondary consumers. Those who feed on secondary consumers are tertiary consumers. In the figure above the snake acts as a secondary consumer and the hawk as a tertiary consumer. Some organisms, like the squirrel are at different levels. When the squirrel eats acorns or fruits (which are plant product), it is a primary consumer; however, when it eats insects or nestling birds, it is a tertiary consumer. Consumers are also classified depending on what they eat; they can be herbivores, carnivores, omnivores or scavengers. In looking at the previous picture, the concept of food chain looks very simple, but in reality it is more complex. Think about it. How many different animals eat grass? And from the Facts about Red-tailed Hawks page, how many different foods does the hawk eat? One doesn’t find simple independent food chains in an ecosystem, but many interdependent and complex food chains that look more like a web and are therefore called food webs. We described in the previous sections how energy and organic compounds are passed from one trophic level to the next. What was not mentioned is the efficiency of the transfer. In a highly efficient transfer almost all of the energy would be transferred — 80% or more. In a low efficiency transfer very little energy would be transferred — less than 20%. In a typical food chain, not all animals or plants are eaten by the next trophic level. In addition, there are portions or materials (such as beaks, shells, bones, etc.) that are also not eaten. That is why the transfer of matter and energy from one trophic level to the next is not an efficient one. One way to calculate the energy transfer is by measuring or sizing the energy at one trophic level and then at the next. Calorie is a unit of measure used for energy. The energy transfer from one trophic level to the next is about 10%. For example, if there are 10,000 calories at one level, only 1,000 are transferred to the next. This 10% energy and material transfer rule can be depicted with an ecological pyramid that looks like the one below. This pyramid helps one visualize the fact that in an ecological system there need to be many producing organisms at the bottom of the pyramid to be able to sustain just a couple of organisms at the top. In looking at the pyramid, can you guess how much larger the volume of each layer is as compared to the one just above it? Take a guess. It might not look like it but they are close to 10 times larger. A basic pyramid shape often represents a typical food chain or food web. The pyramid represents the decrease in the amount of energy, the number of organisms and the biomass from the producer to the high – order consumer levels. The decrease in the numbers and in the biomass represent the fact that, due to energy loss, fewer organisms can be supported at each successive trophic level. Pyramid of Energy Energy is lost between each link in a food chain. Much of the potential energy at each level never reaches the next level. Where does the energy go as it moves through a food chain? Some of the energy that enters a food chain is used as each organism carries out its life functions (i.e. foraging, metabolic processes, reproduction, predator/prey behavior, etc.). Producers manufacture their own food source directly from sunlight by the process of photosynthesis. In order to carry out life functions, consumers acquire energy through the ‘burning’ or breaking down of food molecules they consume (eat). Thermal energy (heat) is produced as a result of the burning of these food molecules. More than half of the energy from each food molecule is lost as heat. Only about 10% – 20% of energy at each trophic level is available to pass on to the next level. In other words, at each level there is only about 10% available energy to put on new biomass (growth). Pyramid of Numbers The loss of energy at each trophic level also explains why there are usually fewer organisms in each higher trophic level. The total number of plants in a particular area would generally be higher then the number of herbivores that the plants support and the number of herbivores would be higher than the number of higher order carnivores. Pyramid of Biomass Biomass is the total mass of dry organic matter per unit of area. Each higher trophic level contains less biomass than the previous trophic level. Therefore a drawing or graph that represents the amount of biomass at each trophic level would also produce the basic pyramid shape. Biomass is related to the abundance of organisms at each trophic level. Human Impact on Food Chains and Webs Humans have the ability to have a great impact on ecosystems. Living organisms are a significant portion of any ecosystem, therefore any activity that affects an ecosystem is also likely to affect the organisms within that ecosystem. If organisms are affected the food chains webs that the organisms are a part of will also feel the affects.

New media Essay

New media has transformed the way we receive and produce content. New media such as the internet is making it easier for people to get their opinions across which creates content and allows a two-way dialogue. New media and technologies such social media networks change the way a person perceives the world. In the past decades, old style media was the only form of media used to receive content and sharing content was not as easy like it is nowadays. Internet can be easily accessed, with the transformation process still continuing it is now easy for the public to create and upload content which form discussions. Habermas’ conception of the public sphere (Scannell 2000). Habermas defined the idea of the public sphere as a social space in which all participants spoke as equals, made rational arguments, felt free to question authority and traditional political assumptions. New media is broadcasted though digital media and online sites such as Facebook and the internet. Content is shared and created through social media by uploading or publishing content such as images, videos and text. New media allows individuals to receive and share content. The rapid development of computer science leads to the emergence of brand-new type media which is transforming the world and the way how people perceive the world. Interactivity which distinguishes new media from their traditional counterparts endows them with capability to transform the mode of communication. Based on the powerful computer science and technologies, new media quickly engulf the whole world. Rather than evolving from traditional media and extending to new fields traditional media fail to reach, new media are completely another tool with totally different structure and mechanism against which they function. They make it possible to construct a three-dimension world resembling exactly what human beings actually live and give people a realistic feeling after stepping in. This capacity leads to a new mode of cultural representation, simulation. The implications are more than just to imitate and reveal true, but also include creating truth  creating a reality that cannot exist in the actual world. The interactivity closely associated with new media enables them the transform the conventional communication mode as well. The one-way information flow in traditional media changes into the two-way dialogue, then into â€Å"group discussion†. Virtual communities and social networks take shape. There, communication participants are no longer persons in conventional sense, but reduce into roles. A single person can have various roles to present in different spaces created by new media. An example of the two – way dialogue is the â€Å"BUST THE BUDGET† on the sbs site and through social media such as twitter people who attended the rally were able to connect and present their opinions to sbs. Online social networking communities are transforming the way we are experiencing television/network channel content. Social media connects people from local to global. Online communities talk everything that excites, entertains, energies or anything that creates an emotional bonding with certain kind of stuff. Social sites like Twitter and Facebook are the platforms where communities share information, ideas and insights. To conclude, media quickly to engulf the whole world. Rather than evolving from traditional media and extending to new fields traditional media fail to reach, new media are completely another tool with totally different structure and mechanism against which they function. They make it possible to construct a three-dimension world resembling exactly what human beings actually live and give people a realistic feeling after stepping in. This capacity leads to a new mode of cultural representation, simulation. The implications are more than just to imitate and reveal true, but also include creating truth creating a reality that cannot exist in the actual world. The interactivity closely associated with new media enables them the transform the conventional communication mode as well. The one-way information flow in traditional media changes into the two-way dialogue, then into â€Å"group discussion†. Virtual communities and social networks take shape. There, communication participants are no longer persons in conventional sense, but reduce into roles. A single person can have various roles to present in different spaces created by new media. Cultural representation and  communication are no longer what they used to be in face of the powerful engine. This is what â€Å"new† in â€Å"New Media† exactly means transformations. Reference: Media and Modernity: A Social Theory of the Media – John B. Thompson – 2014. Media and Modernity: A Social Theory of the Media – John B. Thompson The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere – J.Habermas – 2014. http://www.sbs.com.au/news/article/2014/07/06/anti-budget-rallies-held-around-country-0 Meikle, Graham & Young, Sherman (2012) Ch 3 ‘From Broadcast to Social Media’ in Media Flew, Terry (2008) â€Å"Approaches to new media† from New media Van Dyke, N., Soule, S. A., & Taylor, V. A. (2005). The targets of social movements: Beyond a focus on the state. Research in Social Movements, Conflicts and Change, 25, 27-51. Howley, K. (2007). Community media and the public sphere. Media studies: Key issues and debates, 342-360. Scannell, P. (Ed.). (1991). Broadcast talk (Vol. 5). Sage. http://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-07-06/storify-bust-the-budget-protests/5575378

Art History: Hall Of Bulls And Chinese Horses Essay

Art in the earliest of days was a bit interesting because of what we know now about art and its history. The first period/discovery of art was between 40,000 and 8,000 b.c.e or more known as the Path eolithic period, this period included artistic forms such as cave paintings and smaller objects used for legion purposes. One of the first caves to be discovered was Lascaux Cave in 1940, says to be dated from 15,000s b.c.e. This cave contains very important and rare drawings such as â€Å"Hall of bulls†, and â€Å"Chinese horses†. The next period was called the Neolithic Period dating back to 8000-2300 b.c.e, the reason this period is important is because it starts the art work of pottery, metal work and massive stone arrangement’s called Dolmens and Cromlech. One of the most remarkable stone arrangements on the southern shore of the Bay o Skaill in the west mainland parish Sand Wick is the Neolithic Village Brae called Skara Brae in 1850 it was hit by a massive storm and revealed the stoned village and thee ancient houses that was buried. Another massive stone monument was the burial mounds that were also discovered around this time, they include dolmens which are slab of stone used to support the vertical slabs creating support for all the stones that were placed on top of the mound. Dolmens were used for single burials, passage graves for communal burials. Another type of burial ground introduced around this era was the Newrange which was a kidney shaped mound covering one acre of land which retained curbstones, some even richly decorated ; it was constructed over 5,000 years ago, it was created by a farming community that proposed on the rich lands of the Boyne valley. This place was recognized to be much more than just a burial tomb. It was a place of astrologic, spiritual religious and ceremonial importance. As we talk about Art in the prehistoric past, you can’t forget to mention the art of the near east. This includes Mesopotamia: â€Å"between the river† Tigris and Euphrates and major trade routes. The specific areas are the Mediterranean coastal cities lapis lazuli and chlorite. The types of art the established here were Technical expertise and financial resources, and the basic building material were mud brick and half-timber construction. These mounds where located near water supply and near a source of raw material making it easier to build and cop with. All of these monuments and projects that were discovered in caves and building show that human culture back then had a sense of creativity, and was also a way to express yourself through drawings and paintings and also providing stories and memories. This type of art can also be known to communicate through different cultures and religion when talking about the way there culture buried people and the different types of ways they did it, Whether it was building dolmens to bury them into or just a burial underground.

Human being’s personality Essay

It is said that every human being’s personality is molded by the sum of his or her experiences. Personally, I believe that perhaps, a more accurate statement would be that human beings are molded by what they derive from each of their life’s experiences. Hardships in my Childhood I grew up in circumstances that provide a classical example of disparity between appearance and reality. To the outside world my parent’s marriage appeared to be picture perfect. However, in reality, alcohol abuse by my father and domestic violence between my parents had created an environment within our house that, for me, was both difficult and frightening. My father had a drinking problem, and the encounters between my father and mother often escalated into violence. I spent a great deal of time trying to be a peacemaker and caretaker of my parents. Despite my unfortunate situation, I was always determined to be successful. I knew in my mind that the path to success would prove to be a great challenge for a young black female, who was not mature enough or, had emotionally stable guardians to guide her path. Nonetheless I was determined to achieve the goal, I had in my mind. Early in my childhood, sports became more than just a past time; it became a way of dealing with the hardships of a dysfunctional household. As a student, Physical Education became one of my favorite courses; since it was the only time during the day when I was able to enjoy my childhood without thinking about what was going on in my home life. By the time I was eight, my parents separated. My mother and myself relocated from Connecticut to New York City. This transition was extremely difficult for me. Although my parent’s marriage was any thing but stable, my father had always meant the world to me. Over the next few years my mother was required to make a transition from being a â€Å"stay at home mom†, to being the â€Å"sole provider† of our household. Due to dire finances and the inability to afford childcare, I always had a greater than usual amount of household responsibilities over my shoulders. My social interactions at this time were limited primarily to organized school activities. I developed strong work ethics at an early age by spending my weekends bagging roceries at the neighborhood supermarket. My mother did not want me to work but I loved the feeling of earning my own money, since it gave me a great feeling of independence. Worked as a Camp Counselor When I reached the age of fifteen, I started spending my summers working as a camp Counselor, where I was responsible for the organization and development of activities such as, arts and crafts, swimming, and delivering sports related instructions. This was the point when I first became interested in becoming a physical education teacher. I loved the feeling of being in charge and having the younger kids look up to me. Worked as a Sports/Youth Counselor By the time I began college, I was more eager than most freshmen to begin a whole new life, because so much had happened in my past life, which I wanted to put behind. Outside of athletics, I never really had an active social life, so this made my transition to university life very difficult. My undergraduate life had been quite short lived. I had to leave school after only the first semester due to limited finances. Discouraged by the inability to further continue my education, I returned home to work full time as a Sports/Youth Counselor for youths with learning disabilities, emotional disorders, and mental retardation. This proved to be one of the most extraordinary experiences in my life, as it provided me with a chance to interact closely, on a day-to-day basis, with youngsters, whose courage and massive temperament for joy and happiness, impressed me immensely. Their smiles and laughter were pure, even while they battled against significant personal difficulties for which they were not themselves responsible. Ironically, as I worked with these small children I was simultaneously fighting a small battle of my own, resisting my initial resistance and fear of dealing with these children. Before I got to know these youngsters, I was worried that they would detect my discomfort, catch me staring at them, misinterpret something I might have said, or be hurt somehow by my actions or words. In the beginning all of these things appeared to be threatening possibilities. However in reality, once I immersed myself into work, my fear of any incidents happening, disappeared. I began relating to these children in the same as other normal kids. The youngsters soon sensed this and responded well to me. Working with these youngsters made me realize that despite my childhood I was still very fortunate to have health and the ability to be as physically independent. Secondly it made realize that I had been bestowed with the gift of having the ability and passion to help others. Graduation A year and a half later, I returned to Virginia State University as an independent student, more determined and passionate than ever to finally have the opportunity to finish what I had previously started. In between my busy work schedule, I completed a work-study as a student athletic trainer. Although, very time consuming, it was a very exciting job. I loved the rush and excitement of preparing for the day of final game, and the ability of being a part of the treatment protocols, utilized on a daily basis in athletic preparation. This job provided fascinating, educational, and an exciting experience that exposed me to the field of sports and medicine all in one. This was also the major, which I pursued later at the United States Sports Academy as a graduate student. Working as a Physical Education Teacher Upon graduation I decided to take a year off from school, while I focused on settling into the teaching profession. My first teaching position was at the middle school level, in New York City. This experience proved to be the most challenging one. During the tenure of this job, I come in contact with students who displayed behaviors and emotions that were the direct results of some of the same childhood and family scars that I had once faced as a child. It was extremely difficult trying to educate these students without becoming emotionally attached. At the same time it was very stressful, trying to relate to them, and getting them to understand that their current situation would not determine their future status. I quickly came to realize that summer camp and teaching were two totally different professions in their own ways. I am currently a Physical Education teacher and Department chair at high school level. Post-graduation in Sports Medicine I enrolled at the United States Sports Academy to pursue my master’s degree in Sports Medicine, during my second year of teaching. Although I had started to get adjusted to teaching, I missed the rush of being an athletic trainer. At the end of the school year, my college sweetheart and fiance was hired at our Alma mater as an offensive line coach. This position gave me the opportunity to complete my post-graduate intern hours in an environment that was very familiar to me. I was required to make one last employment transition that would have allowed me to utilize my intern skills as a trainer. Development of my Passion for Weight Training During the course of my internship, I was diagnosed with Graves’s disease. This disease directly affected my Thyroid gland and its ability to produce hormones properly. This posed as a major setback not only in my everyday life but also in completing my master’s degree. Shortly thereafter, I suffered from major depression, which caused me to gain over forty pounds of weight and lose the motivation that had once driven me towards success. After a year of feeling sorry for myself and taking prescription medications, which generally left me feeling isolated, or sleeping during the major part of the day, I came to realize that medication was not the long-term answer. I was once again faced with a life challenge that soon exposed me to another aspect of the sport sciences. More determined than ever to get my life back on track, I invested in my first gym (gymnasium) membership. Committing myself to a strenuous weekly regimen, I soon began to experience many physiological and psychological benefits of my investment. My accomplishments in the gym helped me overcome, what a year of medication could not do. It also helped to develop a passion that led me towards the pursuit of my master’s degree. More importantly, it gave me the opportunity to help change the lives of others. My continuous efforts and positive results in the gym deepened my passion for weight training and assisted me in restoring the drive and motivation that had been lost due to depression. Within the following year, I had lost 48 lbs and completed my masters . Working as a Personal Trainer Having lost 48 lbs of weight after joining the gym, I competed in my first amateur body-building competition. Winning this competition gave me a sense of empowerment, that I had the ability to achieve anything in life that I desire. Since then I have won two heavy weight class titles and am currently classified as a pro qualifier in the NPA. In the past year I have received my personal training and nutritional consultants, and group exercise certifications. Fitness and nutrition has been a major part of my healing process along my life journey. I currently work part time as personal trainer in a local fitness center and have started my own mobile fitness business, titled â€Å"Elite Physique Fitness†. I conduct this business along with two fellow personal trainers. We offer services like personal training, group exercises, massage therapy, nutrition workshops, and first aid and CPR classes. My career plans and goals Plans for achieving the Doctoral Degree I plan to attend the academy during the school years as a correspondence student and as a – resident student during the summer sessions. I am currently a Physical Education teacher and Department chair. Besides this, I also work part time as personal trainer in a local fitness center and have started my own mobile fitness business. Although I already have an extensive educational and hands on background in the field of sports and fitness, I feel the need to develop myself in the field of management in order to successfully run my business. My desired area of study is Sports Management with an emphasis on finance and entrepreneurship. My Career Plans After Receiving the Doctoral Degree I plan to teach as a Physical Education teacher for approximately one more year, and then I plan for a transition from being a High school teacher to a University professor in the field of fitness, sport management, athletic training, or sports medicine. Upon completion of my doctoral degree, I plan to expand my current personal training business and increase its reputation within the community in the long-term. My short-term goals are to refine my management skills and develop an organization of knowledgeable professional trainers to accommodate the below mentioned programs. I am really eager to develop an educational program within the school system to deal with childhood obesity. As a physical educator and fitness business owner, I would like to incorporate a â€Å"childhood obesity and wellness program† within the school system. In preparation for this, I plan to utilize information obtained from the research courses to further study and conduct research on childhood obesity and poor nutrition in relation to the issues of academic performance and self-esteem. I also would like to offer â€Å"holistic wellness programs† to corporate businesses. I am strongly interested in developing partnerships within the community to help develop programs, which would address many health related issues in our society. Specific courses that would assist me in completing these goals are personnel management and sports entrepreneurship My Plans For A Mentorship I plan to complete my mentorship training in the field of fitness management. I also intend to apply for membership at American Family Fitness, Golds Gym, and the YMCA. I feel these particular facilities will provide the hands on training needed to accommodate and complete information learned through my coursework at the United States Sports Academy. Reasons For Pursuing The Doctor of Sports Management Degree at the Academy Reasons for choosing the Academy’s program over other doctoral programs I attended the Sports Academy as a graduate student and was really impressed with the rofessionalism of the program and I loved the fact that the program was geared primarily towards sports specific majors. I feel that the Academy will not only provide me with sound and stable training, but will also enhance my skills, which would help me in my future endeavors. It will also give me a great opportunity to network amongst professionals who have already completed the journey of success on which I am still traveling. My desire to pursue a degree in sport management is driven by my already diverse and accomplished background in the field of sport sciences. My Concerns, Choices and Goals regarding the doctoral program Since I feel the need to develop myself in the field of management in order to have a successful business, my desired area of study is Sports Management with an emphasis on finance and entrepreneurship. My aspirations for the future are to help others change their lives and teach them how to begin the healing process through health, fitness and nutrition. The doctoral program would greatly contribute towards my intellectual and personal growth and help me in achieving both my previously mentioned short-term and long-term goals.