Love free essay sample

The Jazz concert I attended took place in Fullerton College Theater on November 13, 2012. The Fullerton College Jazz Big Band and J- Train vocal Jazz was very organized and well structured. The first song was the Open Invitation which was performed by the J- Train Vocal Jazz. The song was so interesting because the soloists had great voices. Everyone around seemed interested and amused. The J- train vocal Jazz also performed the songs Nancy Necromancers Cannery, and Fugue in D Mirror.My personal favorite by the J-Train Vocal Jazz was Everyones Bopping because in the ginning of the song the vocalists scat. In the performance two soloists scat at least one time, and the rest of the choir performers sing the chorus. The beat of the song was fast and the instruments that got a solo were guitar and piano. The guitar and pianos solo were amazing because you could see the relationship the soloist had with its instrument which was extremely passionate. We will write a custom essay sample on Love or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The next song performed was Big Brown Eyes which was slow and full of patience.The vocalists sing bebop most of the time, and there are four soloists, the drums are Just tapping, and the whole memo of the song is slow. The big band also performed The Keystone Shuffle, the instruments being used were drums, bass, guitar, piano, trombone, and then there was a section of the song where the saxophone players battle each other . Both of the saxophones were going at a very fast beat. The next song performed was Out of Town which starts with the drums and guitar as bass. The saxophone player Joins In and the whole band starts to plays together. They were all on point with each other which made the song easy to listen to.The piano, the saxophone had Individual solos ND in between the song there was Interaction between the two. The concert was very entertaining; I really enjoyed the J-Train and Big Band. Everyone around seemed to enjoy It as well. It was sweet of the big band to dedicate the song as The Saints Go Marching In to the Friends of Jazz Scholars. In the middle of the concert The Friends of Jazz gave out scholarships to the Fullerton College Big Band and To the J- Train Vocal Jazz to go perform In New York. The song When the Saints Go Marching In was played at a medium tempo.The drums start It off and the flute, saxophone, electric attar follow after the drums. The whole concert was amazing and definitely made me want to groove and listen to more Jazz on my free time. I am happy I made this my first concert to go to because If I could favor one type of Jazz would be big band type of Jazz and I love It when the Jazz band or vocalists scat. BY jacketed personal favorite by the I-Train Vocal Jazz was Everyones Bopping because in the Town which starts with the drums and guitar as bass. The saxophone player Joins in which made the song easy to listen to.The piano, the saxophone had individual solos ND in between the song there was interaction between the two. The concert was very entertaining; I really enjoyed the J-Train and Big Band. Everyone around seemed to enjoy it as well. It was sweet of the big band to dedicate the song as The Saints Go Vocal Jazz to go perform in New York. The song When the Saints Go Marching In was played at a medium tempo. The drums start it off and the flute, saxophone, electric my first concert to go to because if I could favor one type of Jazz would be big band type of Jazz and I love it when the Jazz band or vocalists scat.

Grammatical gender Essay Example

Grammatical gender Essay Example Grammatical gender Essay Grammatical gender Essay An analysis of cohesive devices in reading texts in English 11 / Hoang Tra My PART 1: I TRODUCTIO 1. Rationale Among all skills which students need to master in English, reading is considered to be very important because it helps students to get materials for other skills. To learn reading well, it is necessary for students to comprehend sufficient language base, one of which is the cohesion in the text. Because of the importance of cohesion in comprehending a text, this small study on discourse analysis of cohesive devices is decided to be carried out. . Aims of the Study: The study aims: to describe and analyze lexical and grammatical cohesive devices in the new English textbook 11; to give some suggestions for teaching reading skill for 11th grade students. In order to achieve the aims stated, the study is meant to find out the answers to the two following research questions: 1. What are the grammatical and lexical cohesive devices used in reading texts in English textbook 11? 2 . How can the findings help English teachers and 11th grade students to improve reading skill? 3.Scope of the Study Because of the lack of time and the paper size, it is unable for all the issues of discourse to be analyzed. The study focuses on the grammatical and lexical cohesive devices in reading texts in the new English textbook 11. 4. Significance of the Study The study contributes to verifying the correctness and significance related to linguistic theories in discourse analysis by analyzing discourse in one specific textbook. In addition, the practical significance of the study is to help 11th grade students and teachers in reading skill by applying the knowledge of cohesion. 5.Methods of the Study: descriptive, statistical and analytical methods 6. Design of the Study The minor thesis consists of three parts: 2 Part 1 is The Introduction Part 2 is The Development which is divided into three chapters: Literature Review, Methodology and Major Findings and Discussions Part 3 is The Conclusion 3 PART 2: DEVELOPME T CHAPTER 1: LITERATURE REVIEW 1. Discourse and Discourse Analysis 1. 1. The Concept of Discourse Discourse is defined in various ways by different scholars and authors, however, the definition given by Halliday and Hasan (1976) is regarded as the simplest and the clearest to follow.Halliday and Hasan (1976: 38) state that discourse is language that is functional. It means that discourse is â€Å"language in use†. 1. 2. Text and Discourse In the view of Halliday and Hasan (1976: 23), â€Å"text† is employed to refer to â€Å"discourse†; they see â€Å"text† as a â€Å"semantic unit† characterized by cohesion. Sharing the same ideas, Brown Yule (1983) support that text is the representation of discourse and the verbal record of a communicative act. In other words, they all view the notion of text is the representation of discourse, text is the form of discourse and they have a close relationship. 1. 3.Spoken a nd Written Discourse Spoken and written language can be also distinguished by different functions. According to Brown and Yule (1983: 13), the function of spoken language is mainly to establish and maintain human relationship whereas written language has functions to store information from time and space and to permit words and sentences to be examined out of their original contexts. 1. 4. Discourse Analysis In the view of Brown and Yule (1983: viii), discourse analysis is concerned with a broad range of activities including many disciplines from sociolinguistics, philosophical linguistics to computational linguistics.To be clearer, Brown and Yule (1983: 1) write, â€Å"the analysis of discourse is, necessarily, the analysis of language in use. As such, it cannot be restricted to the description of linguistic forms independent of the purposes of functions which these forms are designed to serve human affairs†. 1. 5. Context in Discourse Analysis According to Nunan, D (1993: 7 ), context is the situation in which discourse is embedded. Context may be understood as all factors and elements that are non-linguistic and textual which affect spoken or written communication interaction..However, in the view of Malinowski (1923) and Halliday M. A. K (1985: 52) context is divided as â€Å"context of situation† and â€Å"context of culture†. 4 1. 6. Register and Genre in Discourse Analysis According to Halliday and Hasan (1976: 41), register is language variety according to use. Register is featured by â€Å"field†, â€Å"tenor† and â€Å"mode†. The concept of genre is defined in terms of culture context. Eggins (1994: 32) defines genre as follow: Genre, or context of culture, can be seen as more abstract, more general – we can recognize a particular genre if we are not sure exactly what the situational context is.Genre, then, can be thought of as the general framework that gives purpose to interactions of particular types , adaptable to the many specific contexts of situation that they get used in. 2. Cohesion 2. 1. The Concept of Cohesion Cohesion is defined in the relation with text. It is concerned with the grammatical and lexical relationship among different factors in a text. 2. 2. Cohesion vs. Coherence Cohesion is a formal network which connects or links many parts of a text together by grammar or words. Meanwhile, coherence is the connections which bring interpretation of linguistic messages. 2. 3. Aspects of Cohesion 2. 3. 1.Topical Cohesion Topic is concerned with the description of sentence structure which contains the topic or theme and the comment or rheme. 2. 3. 2. Logical Cohesion Hoa, N (2000: 28) indicates that â€Å"logical cohesive devices are also powerful sentence connectors. They demonstrate the logical relationships holding between sentences, thus creating or expressing cohesion. † Cohesive devices can be divided into some types as: And, Enumeration, Addition, Transition , Summation, Apposition, Result, Inference, Reformulation or replacement, Contrast, Concession, and Comparison. 2. 4. Types of Cohesion 2. 4. 1. Grammatical Cohesion 2. . 1. 1. Reference In the view of Halliday and Hasan (1976: 32), reference is a semantic relation and â€Å"since the relationship is on the semantic level, the reference item is in no way constrain to match the grammatical class of the item it refers to†. The two scholars also distinguish reference into 5 three types: anaphoric, cataphoric and exophoric. Reference items in English include three types: personal reference, demonstrative reference and comparative reference. 2. 4. 1. 2. Substitution Halliday and Hasan (1976: 89) divides substitution into three main types namely: nominal, verbal and clausal substitution. . 4. 1. 3. Ellipsis In Halliday and Hasan’s point of view (1976: 142), ellipsis is â€Å"the omission of certain elements from a sentence, allowed by context† 2. 4. 1. 4. Conjunction Halliday and Hasan (1976: 242-243) divide conjunction into four types including additive, adversative, casual and temporal. 2. 4. 2. Lexical cohesion 2. 4. 2. 1. Reiteration Reiteration is regarded as a significant feature of textuality. Reiteration can be divided into five subtypes, namely repetition, synonym or near-synonym, super-ordinate and general words. 2. 4. 2. 2.Collocation According to Halliday and Hassan (1976) â€Å"word combination† or â€Å"word co-occurrence† is known as collocation which brings a particular sense or meaning. Collocation has two subtypes: grammatical collocation and lexical collocation. The first one usually contains a lexical content word and a grammar function word. There are four main types of grammatical collocation: V + Prep, Adj + Prep, + Prep, Prep + . The second one is restricted by word pairs. Lexical collocation do not contain preposition but consist of various combinations of nouns, adjectives, verbs and adverbs.They can be se en in following common patterns: Adj + V, Adv + Adj, + . , Quant + ,V+ , + V, V + Adv, V + Adj, V + 6 CHAPTER 2: METHODOLOGY 1. An Overview of the English Textbook 11 1. 1. The Role of the English Textbook in English Language Teaching English textbooks give primary supplements to teachers to plan their lessons appropriately and perfectively. 1. 2. Description of the English Textbook 11 English 11, including sixteen units for two semesters, follows the theme-based approach and is developed on six broad themes, that is, You and me, Education, Community, ature and Environment, Recreation and People and Places.Each theme, in its turn, is broken into subthemes or topics which are used as titles for sixteen units in English 11. 2. Research Methodology 2. 1. Materials for Analysis All materials used for analyzing in this study are extracted from sixteen reading texts in English 11. 2. 2. Methods of the Study This study aims at investigating the frequency of the use of cohesive devices in r eading texts in English 11 to obtain the data for the study, some steps below are followed. Steps 1: Determine the Research Topic Step 2: Determine and Define the Research Questions Step 3: Build the framework for he study Step 4: Collect the Data Step 5: Analyze the Data Step 6: Give Conclusions and Suggestions for 11th Grade Students in Learning Reading 2. 3. Data Collection Procedures After deciding on the research topic, research questions and building the study framework, the researcher has taken time to collect the data. The methods of descriptive and statistical have been used to gather the data. 2. 4. Data Analysis Procedures Analytical method has been restored to when dealing with data. 7 CHAPTER 3: MAJOR FI DI GS A D DISCUSSIO 1. Grammatical Cohesion 1. . Reference Reference Anaphoric Cataphoric Exophoric umber of items 422 53 120 Percentage 70. 9 8. 9 20. 2 Total 595 Table 1: The percentage of different types of reference 1. 1. 1. Anaphoric Reference The total pattern of markers takes up 241 items. All seven patterns of markers appearing in anaphoric reference are definite article, personal pronoun, demonstrative pronoun, comparative adverb, comparative adjective and demonstrative adverb. The table below shows the data of seven patterns in 16 reading passages in the English 11.Anaphoric reference Definite article Personal pronoun Demonstrative pronoun Comparative adjective Personal determiner Comparative adverb Demonstrative adverb umber of items 126 171 27 7 86 5 0 % 29. 9 40. 5 6. 4 1. 7 20. 4 1. 2 0. 0 422 Total Table 2: The percentage of different types of reference words for anaphoric ties 1. 1. 2. Cataphoric Reference Cataphoric reference Definite article Personal pronoun Demonstrative pronoun Comparative adjective Personal determiner Comparative adverb Demonstrative adverb umber of items 35 4 4 3 1 3 3 % 66 7. 5 7. 5 5. 7 1. 9 5. 7 5. Total 53 Table 3: The percentage of different types of reference words for cataphoric ties 8 Cataphoric refer ence accounts for the smallest part of reference, however, it is vital to vary the direction of reference and create the cohesion of the text. Surprisingly, the definite article takes up the largest ties with 35 ties accounting for 66%. . 1. 1. 3. Exophoric Reference Exophoric reference Definite article Personal pronouns Demonstrative pronouns Comparative adjective Personal determiner Comparative adverb Demonstrative adverb umber of items 92 14 1 7 5 0 1 % 76. 7 11. 0. 8 5. 8 4. 2 0. 0 0. 8 Total 120 Table 4: The percentage of different types of reference words for exophoric ties Exophoric reference refers to objects or events which are out of language and it can be understood by all people without relation to the meaning of the text. For this reason, it does not have much value in connecting the text together. 1. 2. Substitution Type of substitution Nominal Verbal Clausal umber of items 15 0 1 % 93. 8 0. 0 6. 2 Total 16 Table 5: The percentage of substitution in English 11 Substitu tion occupies a very low frequency of occurrence.There are only 16 ties of substitution in 16 reading texts. Surprisingly, nominal substitution takes up 15 ties, representing for 93. 8% of total. 1. 3. Ellipsis Sixteen reading passages in English 11 consist of 29 ellipsis items including all three classes namely nominal, verbal and clausal, which are presented in the table below: Type of ellipsis Nominal Verbal Clausal umber of items 18 6 5 % 62. 1 20. 7 17. 2 Total 29 Table 6: The percentage of ellipsis in English 11 9 Firstly, in sixteen reading texts, nominal ellipsis occupies the largest percentage with eighteen items, representing for 62. %. Secondly, verbal ellipsis takes up only six items, accounting for 20. 7%. These six items occur in four units: 5, 6, 7 and 16. Lastly, clausal ellipsis accounts for the smallest number with five items for 17. 2%. Five elliptical items appear in unit 1, 2 and 3. 1. 4. Conjunction Type of conjunction Additive Temporal Causal Adversative umber of items 183 66 13 27 % 63. 3 22. 8 4. 5 9. 4 Total 289 Table 7: The percentage of conjunction in English 11 At the first look, it can be seen that additive conjunction occupies the biggest percentage of the total.Additive conjunction takes up 183 items, accounting for 63. 3%. Temporal conjunction, which is used in rather high percentage, comes second with 66 items, accounting for 22. 8% of total. Adversative conjunction comes third with 27 items, representing for 9. 4%. Causal conjunction presents the lowest frequency of use with only 13 items, representing for 4. 5%. Causal conjunction stands at the lowest rank of conjunction with only 4. 5%. 2. Lexical Cohesion 2. 1. Reiteration Reiteration Repetition Synonym/ near-synonym Super-ordinate General word umber of items 709 111 188 27 Percentage 68. 10. 7 18. 2 2. 6 Total 1035 Table 8: The percentage of reiteration in English 11 As shown in the table, among the four types of reiteration, repetition is the most frequentlyused device w ith the percentage of up to 68. 5%. Super-ordinate ranking second takes up 18. 2%. Synonyms or near-synonym comes third with 10. 7%. General word accounts for the smallest portion of total with only 2. 6%. 2. 2. Collocation Collocation is divided into two types: grammatical and lexical collocation. Basing on the statistics from the analysis, the total of collocation patterns in sixteen reading passages in 0 English textbook 11 are 421 ties. Lexical collocation takes up 361 items, accounting for 85. 7% while grammatical collocation occupies only 60 items, representing for 14. 3%. 2. 2. 1. Lexical Collocation There are 361 lexical cohesion items used in sixteen reading passages in English 11, equivalent to 85. 7%. Lexical collocation can be analyzed basing on the data illustrated in the table below: Types of collocation Adj + N V+N N+N Quant + N V + Adj Adv + Adj V + Adv V+V N+V umber of items 121 91 74 48 8 2 7 1 9 % 33. 5 25. 2 20. 5 13. 3 2. 2 0. 6 1. 0. 3 2. 5 Total 361 Table 9: T he percentage of lexical collocation in English 11 2. 2. 2. Grammatical Collocation Grammatical collocation often consists of a lexical content word and a grammar function word. An overall picture of lexical collocation can be seen as follow: Types of collocation V + Prep Prep + N Adj + Prep N + Prep umber of items 33 10 15 2 % 55 16. 7 25 3. 3 60 Total Table 10: The percentage of grammatical collocation in English 11 3. Summary According to statistics above, the gap between grammatical and lexical cohesion is very big.While grammatical cohesion makes up 39%, lexical cohesion occupies 61%. The imbalance between grammatical and lexical cohesion is due to the ways of word combination. 11 PART 3: CO CLUSIO S 1. Conclusions Basing on all the statistics and analyses on the grammatical and lexical cohesive devices in sixteen reading passages above, the researcher comes to conclusions as follows: Firstly, these texts are highly cohesive. This can be proved by the number of cohesive ties us ed in 16 reading texts.The total number of cohesion ties used in sixteen passages is 2385, so in a text, there are about 150 cohesion ties, accounting for a half of it in terms of word count. Secondly, the use of cohesion in one text is different from others. Thirdly, the use of lexical cohesive devices is much more than grammatical cohesive devices in sixteen reading passages. Fourthly, with respect to grammatical cohesive devices, reference, conjunction, substitution and ellipsis are seen in their most common features. In terms of reference, it accounts for the highest rate in all sixteen reading passages.In terms of conjunction, its use in sixteen reading passages is special because in each text, some typical types of conjunction are employed. In terms of substitution and ellipsis, they present for a very small percentage, this proves the simplicity of sixteen reading texts because the high frequent use of substitution and ellipsis can make the texts more difficult and complicate d to understand and without the knowledge of substitution and ellipsis, students may misunderstand and misinterpret the text. Fifthly, with respect to lexical cohesion, reiteration and collocation are seen in their most popular features.In terms of reiteration, repetition seems to be overused while a very small percentage of synonym/ near-synonym, antonym, super-ordinate and general word are employed in these sixteen reading texts. In terms of collocation, lexical collocation occupies more percentage than grammatical collocation because of different ways of combination. 2. Suggestions 2. 1. Suggestions for English Teachers and Learners English teachers should provide students with knowledge of cohesion which is considered to be an effective means to help them in reading skill.Furthermore, English teachers are suggested to raise students’ awareness of the importance of cohesive devices. English teachers can also take advantage of cohesion in teaching vocabulary. Finally, whene ver students do the exercises related to cohesion knowledge, teachers should remind them. By this way, students can apply cohesion in dealing with the exercises of the same types. Basing on the statistics given above, some significant features of reading texts in English 11 are drawn out and some suggestions for 11th grade students are proposed.Firstly, reference is used in a very high rate in these reading passages, and anaphoric should be paid more 12 attention because of its value in connecting texts together. Secondly, substitution and ellipsis are used in small percentages in these reading texts. In terms of substitution, teachers had better remind students when dealing with unit 4 and unit 13. Because ellipsis occurs many times in four units: unit 1, 5, 6 and 7, students are advised to think about them when learning these units. Thirdly, conjunction is used to organize the structure of the reading passages.In reading process, 11th grade students should consider the ways the te xts are written in. For example, in unit 1 and 7 all the ideas are constructed by listing. Lastly, in reiteration cohesion, synonym or near-synonym is regarded as the most important issue to 11th grade students. English teachers can apply synonym and super-ordinate to teach new words. 2. 2. Suggested Cohesion Exercises for English Teachers and Learners Cohesive devices can be seen in various forms of reading exercises or reading tasks. Two most significant forms of reading tasks for cohesion are gap-filling and true-false.Besides gap-filling and true – false exercises, there are also various forms of exercises. The first one is multiple-choice. Secondly, finding equivalents exercises are also employed to treat with synonym and antonym words. The last one is matching exercise, which designed to solve with vocabulary. 3. Limitations and Suggestions for Further Studies Firstly, because there is no content-focus in these reading texts, the results of this research can not actuall y show the most typical features of the reading texts as a whole, but in themes or in units only.Secondly, due to the limitation of the paper size, on discussing each type of cohesion, only some examples from one or two units are proposed. Lastly, applications of cohesion in other skills such as speaking, listening, writing have not been stated. Due to the constraint in time, all the issues of the related to the study cannot be covered. I do hope to develop this topic with a larger range of topic as follow: The study of grammatical cohesive devices in English 10, 11 and 12. The study of lexical cohesive devices in English 10, 11 and 12. The study of cohesive devices in reading texts in English 10, 11 and 12.

Immigration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 2

Immigration - Essay Example However, resources are limited in their quantity which means that the government must introduce policies that reconsider the allocation of resources in each of the public and social sectors. This paper will specifically focus on the impact of immigration on the providence of high quality health care services to the population. As of 2012, there were 1,031,631 people who acquired a legal permanent residence status in the United States (Department of Homeland Security, 5). Of these the largest percentage of people came from India, China, Philippines, and Korea (Department of Homeland Security, 10). However, the total figure only reflects the number of legal residents who were permitted for a residential status. There are a significant number of individuals who also represent the portion of population who have arrived illegally. These include people who were admitted as temporary workers but chose to stay, aliens, refugees, and others. It is estimated that the number of unauthorized immigrants in United States was about 11.5 million as of 2011 (Nwosu, Batalova, and Auclair, n.pag.). These unauthorized immigrants mostly reside in the states of California, Texas, Florida, and New York. Of the total unauthorized figure for immigrants, a large proportion of them were born in America while the rest came from Asia, South America, Europe, and other parts of the world (Nwosu, Batalova, and Auclair, n.pag.). Considering the distribution of the figures by country, Mexico is the top most country with an estimated 59 percent of illegal immigrants in the United States who belong to the country. With a large number of immigrants entering the United States illegally and million others who are already depending upon reliable, high quality health care services, the country is facing serious problems relating to the provision of health care services to all of its

Module 4 Case Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Module 4 Case - Assignment Example In order for the delivery cycle of the trucks to be regulated in a manner that utilizes time the best, the arrival time intervals are left as they are since the trucks are not be driven any faster to accomplish the need for better time management (Wilco, n.d.). Based on the principles of linear programming, it is required that the number of arrivals be provided with a more efficient unloading period such that more trucks can be unloaded at the same time. The current data indicates that the 83.333% capacity utilization is capable of providing room for a larger number of arrivals besides the current rate of 3.5. The issues facing the delivery system involve the underutilization of the system. Starting with the current single-server situation, The attached MS Excel file, single-server, shows that the maximum number of trucks that can be handled at a 95.89% is 22.374% out of a total number of 23.33% (see table 1). This data shows that at any given time during the working hours, 22.374% trucks will be waiting in a queue while a total of 23.33% will be accounted for. In order to achieve this score, the server takes into consideration the change in service rate from the current 4.2 to 3.65. The change in service rate amplifies the number of truck s serviced in an hour since the reduced servicing rate means more trucks can be unloaded in an hour. Based on the previous data, only 4.2 trucks can be unloaded in an hour and only 3.5 trucks are unloaded within the hour. This shows that reducing the servicing rate would require the reallocation of the servicing personnel as there are fewer trucks to unload unlike the number of arrivals. However, provided that various situations lead to the underutilization of capacity, the probabilities that 5, 6, and 7 trucks will be in queue at the same time takes three assumptions into account. Firstly, there are no changes in the arrival rate, 3.5 trucks per hour, and

The project life cycle Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The project life cycle - Assignment Example These phases form essential elements for understanding a project’s life cycle. Each phase includes a combination of similar activities. Phases are sequential where one has to complete before the next one begins and some activities into the early phase of a project will continue until project completion Project life cycle is of great interest because it is a current issue applied in businesses to achieve their goals and objectives especially achieving growth by launching new products/services. Companies that desire to compete in international markets understand the importance of increasing project life cycle management invention and quality of their products/services (Burke, 2013). Project management is an emergent field that gives companies leverage to create new products and gain a competitive advantage. On a personal level, I am interested in this topic because it offers an exciting career path and a way to use my creativity to solve organizational problems. Academic curiosity also influenced my interest because I like researching on new areas of study to increase my knowledge. The research conducted for this paper shows similarities with project life cycle key concepts learnt in in the module. For example, the definition of key concepts such as phases and project life cycle processes are similar. Issues discussed in the research articles used to develop this paper were very similar to those discussed in the module. As I did my research, I felt like I was revising the concepts that I learn t in class. For example, all articles explain the four phases of project life cycle precisely as they were explained in the module learning materials. According to Burke (2013), the importance of project management life cycle is to create seamless flow of work in ensuring the success of a firm (Burke, 2013). Another importance is that the process eliminates delays and wastage of resources. It also facilitates quality

Strategy Implementation Procter Gamble Company

Strategy Implementation Procter Gamble Company Procter and Gamble Company (PG) is USs leading maker of household consumer products. With its headquarters in Downtown Cincinnati Ohio, PG is also a Fortune 500 American multinational corporation highly recognized for a chain of business innovations (Katrina, 1999.p.146). PG for instance has been admired for effective brand management and the soap operas. The company has operations representation in at least 80 countries internationally providing a range of products in diverse categories including; beauty care, health care, baby care, beverages, home care, and snacks among others (Griffin, 2006.p.138). Corporate strategy is every companys tool for competitive advantage attainment. This paper undertakes to evaluate how corporate strategy and other structural changes impacted on PGs competitive advantage since the 1990s. Specific focus is directed toward the key changes that occurred in the company in the 1990s and the contribution made by Al Lafley in his nine year tenure at PG. PG company was formed with intention of providing quality branded products and services for the consumers in the international market. As a profit company, it aimed at winning consumers in the competitive market environment through exploiting excellent leadership, quality and value service provision. PG started in 1837 as a partnership between William Procter and James Gamble to manufacture and sell candles and soap. Today, PG has over 300 brands marketed and sold in over 160counties across the globe. PG has 16 of her key products producing revenue in excess of $1 billion per year. These products include; Ariel, Downy, and Tide (laundry products); Actonel (for osteoporosis treatment); Always (feminine protection); Bounty (paper towels); Charmin (bathroom tissue); Crest (toothpaste); Folgers (coffee); Iams (pet food); Olay (skin care product); Pampers (diapers); Pringles (snacks); and Head Shoulders, Pantene, and Wella (hair care products) (Katrina, 1999.p.146). Reading PGs company history, the company had performed quite well over the ears since its inception, overcoming market challenges (social, economic and political) through tactful brand management and innovative strategies until brand equity challenges emerged in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Some of the earlier successes of PG Company included; rapid growth and expansion during the 1850s amid strong competition, prosperity during the civil war period during which her competitors outputs plummeted, the introduction of innovative employee benefits in 1903 hence becoming a renowned employee-benefit programs leader, and the one man one brand brand management debut of 1931 which made brand management at PG become a fixture to be replicated by other companies (Boyer, 2009.p.494). PG Company was also able to successfully circumvent around the Great depression to emerge virtually unscathed. With radio playing a key role to deliver PG information into homes at the time, PG began sponsorship of radios serials in 1933 which were later referred to as soap operas Her fame for packaging expertise earned PG a military application by government to oversee Ordinance plants construction and operations. Talking of the successes at PG can not be complete without mentioning the Companys post World War II growth miracle that was fueled by the introduction of a synthetic detergent (Tide) in 1946 which brought a complete shift in the cloth washing trends at the time. Investing in further research and the tapping into acquisition strategy made PG to remain on profit making axis over years since the 1950s (Redmond, 2010.p.162). In the late 1980s and early 1990s, the weakening of economy coupled with the resulting consumer value bias started to weaken the brand equity for PG. These occurrences favored performance of private labels in both health and beauty lines. PG responded to this threat by launching Every Day Low Pricing (EDLP) strategy to induce consumers while implementing promotional kickbacks for wholesalers. The EDLP covered 50-60%of the companys product range which included; pampers and Luvs diapers, Cascade dish soap, and Jif peanut butter. Although the Company strategy was met by mixed reactions with some retailers rejecting it, many others supported the Companies value-conscious positioning efforts. With this support, PG actually made good savings from trade promotions which were then ploughed back into direct marketing activities meant to reach out to some target groups for narrow market base brands through the coupon and sample programs. The target products for the program included Pampers, Cl earasil, and Oil of Olay (Harmon, 2003.p.352). PG also joined the green bandwagon of environmental marketing by adoption of reduced packaging strategy which saw the company provide concentrated product formulations in relatively smaller packages, as well as refill packs applied for 38 of the companys brands across 17 countries in the 1990s. In July 1991, PG acquired the international Max Factor and Betrix lines from Revlon, Inc., thus expanding PGs presence in cosmetics and fragrances. As part of her strategy to attain meaningful growth, PG also divested her holdings in those areas the company considered to have outgrown. For instance, in 1992, PG sold almost 50% of her cellulose and specialties pulp trade to Weyerhaeuser Company (Katrina, 1999.p.147). Vertical integration had been observed to have helped PG develop her paper products in the past. However, with time, things had change and he 1990s saw unprofitable and distracting forest trade. Therefore in 1992, PG decided to sell off the Italian coffee business to allow more focus on the core European brands. The Companys strategy was to tap into the well established regional markets through introduction of pan-European packaged, branded and advertised products. In the next section, this paper explores PGs major restructurings and Acquisitions pursued in mid to late 1990s period (Griffin, 2006.p.138). The main objectives of PG at this time were to enhance its competitive advantage in the market through various designed strategies and policy options. Specific goals for the company included; ensuring that her brand-name products became more price-competitive so that they could effectively compete the private label and generic brands in the market; enhancing efficiency so that products reach the market aster, and increasing the companys profit margins. To achieve, these, PG pursued a number of cost cutting policy measures including winding up of 30 of her international plants and laying off 12% of her total workforce (13000 jobs). The estimated cost of the restructuring program was $2.4 billion and the estimated accrued savings for the company were to a tune of over $600 million. Together with these, the program raised the companys net income margins from 7.3% to 10.2% in 1994 and 1998 respectively (Dana, 1997.p.D1). The restructuring period was to reach its culmination in 1997. But in the course of the restructuring process, PG increased its pace for acquisitions, making a considerable number of acquisitions in the period, some of which were quite successful, while some became a big failure. These acquisitions included: the 1994 purchase of Vereinigte Papierwerke Schickedanz AGs European tissue unit with aim to venture into European tissue and towel trade. PG also acquired Giorgio Beverly Hills, Incs prestige fragrance business. During the same year 1994, when the US lifted the existing sanctions, PG ventured back into the South African market and subsequently changed its geographic management framework in 1995; apportioning its operations into two (namely- US and International) with four regions in total (i.e. Asia, North America, Latin America, and Europe/Middle East/Africa). At the same time, IN July 1995, the company leadership (CEO) changed hands from Artzt to Pepper. Durk I. Jager (Harmon, 2003.p.352). It was during 1996 that PG bought the Eagle Snacks brand that that was before then a property of Anheuser-Busch. Other brands purchased the same year included; the Latin American brands Lavan San household cleaner and Magia Blanca bleach and Baby Fresh of US. Perhaps the most memorable event of 1996 for this company was the receiving of approval from the U.S Food Drug Administration (FDA) to use the controversial olestra (Boyer, 2009.p.494). Olestra was a fat substitute to be applied in snacks and crackers. PG had spent about $250 million to conduct research about olestra and by the time FDA was approving the product, a stipulation had already been circulated by FDA that a label must be attached to any food with these substance in it to warn the public of possible gastrointestinal side effects. This impacted heavily on the products ability to gain market, and even with concerted test marketing efforts, products with olestra never ever caught on in the market. In the long run, Olestra was declared one of PGs biggest product failures in the companys history (Boyer, 2009.p.494). After acquisition of Tambrands, Inc. and the Tampax tampons line in 1997, PG launched a new restructuring plan in 1998 and named it Organization 2005. This was after PG had failed to realize the 1996 set goals of doubling profits to $70 billion by 2005 from the then $35 billion. The calculated growth rate had to be 7 annually, but the actual realized growth rate was only 4% hence profits had stagnated around $37.5 billion figure. PG therefore aimed to make a structural shift from the 1995 Organization centered model (of four regions) to a one centered model with seven business units defined on product line basis. The product lines were as follows; Tissues Towels, Baby Care, Fabric Home Care, Beauty Care, Feminine Protection, , Health Care Corporate New Ventures, and Food Beverage (Katrina, 1999.p.146). These changes were important to PG since they aimed at attaining higher innovation and speed through the deliberate strategy and profit responsibility positioning of brands internationally as opposed to centering on geographic locations. These events coincided with the scheduled take over of Jager as the companys president and he subsequently was given the mantle to lead the strategy implementation. Aiming at enhanced innovation and high revenue and profit levels, Jager introduced new initiatives in 1999 to extend those introduced in 1995. These included resolve to continue with more acquisitions, cut down the number of workers by 15000 by year 2005, close down at least 10 factories, and spent an estimated $1.9 billion on restructuring by the year 2005. It is during this period that PG acquired the Iams Company, marking PGs biggest deal that cost $2.22 billion in cash. Iams Company was among the leading manufactures of premium pet food in the US with established global yearly sales estimated at $800 million. Next to acquire was the Recovery Engineering, Inc. at an estimated cost of $265 million. This newly acquired company was based in Minneapolis and produced the water-filter brand PUR that had been on a fast growth path. Attempts by Jager to join the company with the Warner-Lambert company into a risky drug business in 2000 flopped Jagers intention to take over Gillette (razor making) company was rebuffed very quickly in the same year (Dana, 1997.p.D1) While this was happening, PG had by June 2000 issued a 3rd profit warning in a year. These developments forced Jager to resign and subsequently A.G. Lafley assumed the company leadership in capacity of the President and CEO of PG in June 2000 (Dyer, 2004.P.496). The new CEO, A.G. Lafley had joined PG in June 1977, starting as a brand assistant for Joy product. Before his promotion to CEO position, he had been heading the global beauty care unit. What a time t be promoted to the top seat! In the next section, this paper considers Lafleys contribution to the company during his entire 9 year tenure. Having made his first impression at PG simplifying life in the laundry room as he led colleagues in launching liquid Tide, Lafleys strategy applied Druckers back-to-basics formula to overhaul and clean up the entire PG House (Redmond, 2010.p.162). Right from the beginning of his tenure of the top job A.G. Lafley became famous for his four word business winning principle The consumer is boss. In what would perhaps appear like a fools errand to attempt at narrowing down the matching orders that govern an estimated 138000 employees in over80 nations to simple chestnut, Lafleys keep it simple strategy would emerge to speak a lot for itself through the four word phrase The consumer is boss, as the business mantra which he kept on singing to his team (Redmond, 2010.p.163). Lafley started off by slowing down the existing rush to send products into markets. He did this purposely to ensure that the products would be given adequate marketing support before getting into the competitive arena. Lafley then re-focused the companys resources towards shoring up PGs top brands that could earn the company global revenue of at least $1 billion annually. These were just about a dozen products. He immediately re-branded the Oil of Olay to be simply called Olay. This was aimed at allay the notion that Oil of Olay was greasy. Focused on a small number of key brands, the company sold of Clearasil (the acne-treatment brand) for an estimated $340 million to Boots PLC. In the same period FDA gave approval to PG for Actonel brand (prescription treatment for osteoporosis), which was later marketed and attained a remarkable $1billion yearly sales for the trade year 2004 (Boyer, 2009.p.494). Lafley changed the traditional Company approach which tended to favor externally sourced product ideas. He significantly reduced development projects, promoted culture of collaboration with external world as opposed to self centered tradition initially pursued, and went ahead to outsource PGs including manufacturing of oldest brands in the company such as Ivory bar soap. Lafley also significantly restructured the companys workforce through focusing on top-priority countries, advocating for enhanced collaboration within the company divisions, and considerable reduction in number of the total company workforce (by an estimated 20,000 jobs) which included significant number of top level management staff (about 50%) (Harmon, 2003.p.352) A.G. Lafley entrenched some goal winning principles in the remaining team, which he referred to as two consumer moments of truth- first, buying PG products and then, liking them so much that its memorable-at least satisfying and ideally delighting. Lafley argued that since more than 50% of PGs workforce did not have English as their native language, he need to make use of simple slogans which when repeated again and again would keep everyone at pace with current state of affairs in the company. Therefore he maintained Human beings dont want to stay focused, so my job is to get them to focus their creativity around the focus; focus their productivity around the focus; focus their efficiency or effectiveness around the focus (Griffin, 2006.p.138). In summary, aside from the simple effective strategies he pursued to turn around PG, Lafleys 9 year tenure left took the company to the top, more than doubling the sales and significantly expanding the companys range of top brands (those with sales between $500million to $1billion annually) fivefold. Lafley is recognized for shaping PG into a more externally focused and consumer-driven alongside developing a more advanced innovations and employee relations culture at Procter and Gamble (Redmond, 2010.p.163).

The Secret Lives Sgt.. John Wilson

John Wilson was a one of a kind character. He had sort of a dual personality. One minute he was writing love letter and the next minute he was trying to get rid of her. He was a hard working person at times and often got into his job very deeply. He had lots of problems with his life and that was mostly the reason why he started drinking so heavily especially near the end. John first started a happy life married to Polly Wilson back home in Scotland.He had two lovely children with her but after an incident with his brother he got very ashamed and thought that he had to move away to run from this problem. John Wilson moved to Canada to try and make some money. He told Polly that he would be back in a year or two at the max as he soon found out life could be tough living on the prairies. He then tries to start a tomato farm but the harsh prairie weather was way different from what he had known back home at Scotland. His tomato farm got ruined by a storm and he was left with nothing.He then tries to enlist into the war but he could not be accepted because of his lung condition. He was so disappointed that he could travel back over seas that he decided to join the RNWMP because it was the closest thing at the time to the army. In August 1914 he was officially part of the Royal North West Mounted Police force. He got transferred into a small town called Blaine Lake and that is where he fell in love with a girl named Jessie Patterson. During the winter John was diagnosed with Tuberculosis.All winter Jessie helped John with his illness and not too soon after John started to fall in love with Jessie. Back at home Polly was crying everyday over John and had made up her mind that she was going to go to Canada to see John no matter what her family thought. On April 12th 1918 Polly Wilson arrived in Canada. On April 18th she arrived in Regina. She phoned the Prince Albert police detachment and just by coincident John was there. When John picked up the phone he†¦

Difference between Counseling and Psychotherapy Essay

Counseling is a professional relationship established voluntarily by an individual who feels the need of psychological help, with a person trained to provide that help. Psychotherapy is any procedure designed to alleviate behavioral disorders by psychological means suggestions, psychoanalysis, counseling interviews, play activities and changes in the patient’s environment. applied when there is personality maladjustment or mental disorder. COUNSELING PSYCHOTHERAPY Helps people identify problems, crises, and encourages them to take positive steps to resolve these issues. Helps people with psychological problems that have built up over the course of a long period of time. It is the best course of therapeutic treatment for anyone who already has an understanding of well being and who is also able to resolve problems. It will help you understand your feelings, thoughts and actions more clearly. Counseling is a short term process that encourages the change of behavior. Psychotherapy is a long-term process of treatment that identifies emotional issues and the background to problems and difficulties. CREATING A HELPING RELATIONSHIP 1. Allow the person and peer support giver to get to know each other and possibly decide whether working together would be fruitful. The peer support giver should take the lead in structuring and providing an atmosphere of trust; 2. To create a relaxed, casual and non-threatening atmosphere with informal conversational style; 3. Rather than asking personal questions, the peer support giver can make self disclosures either to prompt self disclosures on the part of the person being helped or to allow the person to become more comfortable with the relationship; 4. The use of silence can be valuable as silence allows the person to share an issue at a level he or she.

Cómo acreditar la ciudadanía por naturalización

Cà ³mo acreditar la ciudadanà ­a por naturalizacià ³n Los nuevos estadounidenses que obtienen la ciudadanà ­a por naturalizacià ³n  pueden acreditar su estatus mediante un certificado conocido como N-550. Es el documento que se entrega al finalizar la ceremonia de naturalizacià ³n con la jura de lealtad a los Estados Unidos. Tambià ©n se le conoce como certificado de naturalizacià ³n y no debe confundirse con el certificado de ciudadanà ­a, que es un documento distinto para otro tipo de casos. El certificado de naturalizacià ³n debe revisarse con atencià ³n en ese momento y, si hubiera algà ºn error, como un mal deletreo del nombre o del apellido o un fallo en la fecha de nacimiento o paà ­s de origen o en el estado civil, debe comunicarse a un oficial del Servicio de Inmigracià ³n y Ciudadanà ­a (USCIS, por sus siglas en inglà ©s). En ese momento podr corregirse de forma gratuita. Este certificado de naturalizacià ³n es muy importante. Ya que acredita que una persona ha dejado de ser extranjera por las autoridades de los Estados Unidos. Y, por lo tanto, se convierte en ciudadana estadounidense de pleno derecho, con todos los derechos, libertades y obligaciones.   Adems, este certificado sirve para acreditar la nacionalidad para sacar el pasaporte estadounidense y como documento que pruebe al llenar el I-9 que se tiene derecho a trabajar en Estados Unidos. En este artà ­culo se explican cules son las caracterà ­sticas del certificado de naturalizacià ³n, que est prohibido hacer con à ©l, cules son los consejos que deben seguirse en su custodia, quà © debe hacerse si se extravà ­a o deteriora y, finalmente, derechos de los nuevos ciudadanos que deciden irse a vivir definitivamente o por largas temporadas a otro paà ­s. Caracterà ­sticas fà ­sicas del certificado de naturalizacià ³n N-550 En la actualidad este documento cuenta con importantes medidas de seguridad que dificultan su falsificacià ³n. Por ejemplo, la foto del nuevo ciudadano aparece digitalizada, la firma forma parte intrà ­nseca del certificado y la tinta con la que se imprime cambia de color. Todas estas caracterà ­sticas hacen que ahora sea muy difà ­cil adulterar, falsificar o manipular el documento. Destacar que los certificados anteriores a 2010, que carecen de esas caracterà ­sticas, siguen siendo vlidos. Pero debido a caracterà ­sticas como tener la foto del interesado simplemente pegada y su firma escrita a mano hacen que no sean tan seguros como los actuales. Por este motivo, se recomienda que se tomen especiales medidas para tenerlo siempre en un lugar seguro para evitar que pueda caer en manos criminales. Prohibicià ³n de fotocopiar el certificado de naturalizacià ³n y excepcià ³n Este certificado es mucho ms que un simple papel. Su titular es ciudadano de Estados Unidos, con todos los derechos que eso conlleva. Y precisamente para evitar que se pueda hacer uso fraudulento del mismo, se considera que es ilegal fotocopiarlo. Sin embargo, hay una excepciones a esta regla general. Y es que se  puede fotocopiar cuando el propio USCIS u otra oficina del gobierno es quien solicita una copia. Por ejemplo, cuando el nuevo ciudadano solicita una visa para su prometido o novia, o cuando pide una green card para un familiar. Aà ºn en estos casos, algunos abogados recomiendan que la fotocopia se haga en blanco y negro y que en la parte blanca del margen se anote This is a copy for USCIS purposes. Tambià ©n se puede fotocopiar cuando sea otro organismo oficial del gobierno quien realiza la peticià ³n. En algunas ceremonias de naturalizacià ³n, los agentes del USCIS seà ±alan que el certificado sà ­ se puede fotocopiar pero sà ³lo en blanco y negro y sà ³lo para que su titular lo guarde y lo utilice como una herramienta para tener tranquilidad mental. Es decir, saber que tiene una copia si el original se pierde. (Pero la copia no puede nunca ser utilizada para ninguna gestià ³n oficial excepto en los dos casos arriba aludidos). En ningà ºn caso se puede fotocopiar y enviar la copia a una empresa privada o entregarla a familiares, amigos o vecinos. Consejos para el mantenimiento del Certificado de naturalizacià ³n Procurar  no doblar el certificado. Con el paso del tiempo podrà ­a hacer que partes del documento se hagan difà ­ciles de leer. No enmarcar el certificado. Las oficinas del gobierno sà ³lo lo pueden aceptar como documento si no est enmarcado. Es necesario poder tocar el certificado.Si tiene que ir a la Embajada o al consulado de su paà ­s de nacimiento para registrar la ciudadanà ­a estadounidense y asà ­ conservar la original, no permitir  que marquen, grapen o escriban en el certificado. Si lo hacen, el certificado se considera daà ±ado y habr que pedir uno nuevo al USCIS (instrucciones ms abajo). Quà © hacer si se necesita obtener una nueva copia del certificado de naturalizacià ³n Puede suceder que el certificado sufra daà ±os, se extravà ­e o, incluso, que se cambie de nombre por matrimonio, divorcio u otra razà ³n. En estos casos se puede solicitar que el USCIS emita un nuevo certificado rellenando el formulario N-565. La tarifa actual que hay que pagar es de $345 por la gestià ³n (verificar siempre el importe, a que puede variar sin previo aviso).   Si se est pasando por una à ©poca de dificultades econà ³micas, podrà ­a ser posible, si se cumplen los requisitos, aplicar para no tener que pagar estar tarifa al USCIS En ese enlace se puede acceder siempre a formulario actualizado, a informacià ³n al dà ­a sobre costo por enviar esta solicitud y a quà © oficina del USCIS se debe enviar, dependiendo del lugar en el que se reside. El USCIS entregar el nuevo certificado al titular en persona, a su representante legal o utilizar correo certificado o registrado. Si la razà ³n por la que se pide el nuevo certificado es que el original se ha daà ±ado, antes de recibir el nuevo hay que entregar, obligatoriamente, lo que quede del daà ±ado. El certificado de naturalizacià ³n reemplazado recibe el nombre tà ©cnico de N-570. A tener en cuenta cuando el ciudadano se muda a otro paà ­s Ahora que ya se es ciudadano,se puede pasar largas temporadas en otro paà ­s o mudarte definitivamente al extranjero sin perder nunca el estatus de ciudadano por el mero hecho de vivir en otro paà ­s. En estos casos es importante saber cà ³mo se transmite la nacionalidad por sangre a los  hijos nacidos en el extranjero. Asimismo, es importante saber quà © derechos de jubilacià ³n se tiene u otros como votar en las elecciones presidenciales. Por otra parte, no olvidar que se siguen teniendo obligaciones, como  seguir pagando impuestos en Estados Unidos. Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.

Thesis Statement On How Edgar Allan Poes Writings Illuminate His Upbringing

Thesis Statement On How Edgar Allan Poes Writings Illuminate His Upbringing My thesis statement is that Edgar Allan Poe's writings illuminate his upbringing. His writings illuminate his upbringing because his childhood was very hard, full of darkness, and he never experienced love from a parent. Therefore he thought the world was like his life was, dark and dreary. So that is why his stories are always sad, and full of heartbreak.The writings by Edgar Alan Poe are for the most part sad, dark, dreary, and mysterious, they are just like how his life was. After the age of two Poe never had real parents only people who looked after him after his parents died. He didn't know if his home was only temporary or if it was for good, for all he knew the people he was living with could kick him out of their house and stop supporting him. He lived his life day by day not knowing what the next day would bring or if he would have a house to live in the next day.English: Edgar Allan Poe's room

Employability Skills in Improving Quality of Performance Essay

Employability Skills in Improving Quality of Performance - Essay Example Therefore, team role is â€Å"an inclination to behave, contribute and interrelate with other people in a particular way†, and it measures behavior rather than individuals personally (Belbin 2011). Therefore, we can guarantee that we can use our strengths to our advantage, by discovering our team roles to assist us to manage our weak points. According to Belbin (1981, cited in select knowledge 2001 p.32), there are nine team roles which individuals prefer to assume or avoid when required by circumstances. These team roles consist of Resource Investigator, Coordinator, Monitor Evaluator Team workers, Plant, Implementer, Shaper, Specialist, and Completer Finisher (Belbin 2011). I have experienced some of these roles in my high school study team and in other various tasks; I have done with friends during previous engagements. Some of them relate to my team members and others to me. The first role is the plant, which consists of people who are highly creative, who innovate and inv ent methods or technique. These people through innovation provide the foundation in which ideas develop in the team (Belbin 2011). These people have a character of alienating themselves from the rest of the team so that they can concentrate on their imaginative thinking. They have a personality of being introverts and are self-centered and would have strong reactions to both criticism and praise. This is because they are normally original in their ideas and being introverts, they have a weakness in communicating with other team members (Belbin 2011). In team roles, plants have an important role to play in teams because their main function is generating new ideas and techniques to assist the team to solve complex problems (select knowledge 2001). For example, in a study group that we had formed with friends in high school, we used to do group assignments as a team. One team member, Denis, was good at doing research in some of the assignment topics, but he could not explain the findin gs verbally although he wrote and analyzed them properly. In my opinion, his role in our team would fit as a plant because of his originality in presentations that helped our team to produce high quality and scored high points in our assignments. The second team role as suggested by Belbin is the resource investigators (select knowledge 2001 p. 32). They can be said to have some opposite characteristics of the plants because they are extroverts and often enthusiastic. In this role, Hogan (2007 p.65) also highlights that resource investigator are good in communicating and negotiating with people both inside and outside their teams. Notably, they are also good in accommodating ideas from other people and developing those ideas to accomplish team goals, this is due to their investigative characteristics and willingness to utilize new possibilities in those ideas. Resource Investigators have a very important function in the team as Belbin suggest, they are hence the best people to be us ed for setting up contacts with people outside the team because of their extrovert’s personality. This would, therefore, help the team to achieve their shared goals. In my teamwork experience, I would relate my personal team role as a resource investigator because; I would ensure that the team members worked cohesively.

Government accountability office Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Government accountability office - Essay Example The current goals and objectives of the Department of Defence are: a] To counter terrorism and irregular warfare, b] Deter and defeat aggression, c] Project power despite anti-access & area denial challenges, e] Counter weapons of mass destruction, f] Operate effectively in cyberspace and space, g] Maintain a safe, secure and effective nuclear deterrent, h] Defend the Homeland and provide support to Civil authorities, i] Provide a stabilizing presence, j] Conduct stability and counter-insurgency operations and, k] Conduct humanitarian, disaster relief and other operations. 6. The department is organized as, a] the Office of the Secretary of Defence, b] the Department of the Army, b]the Department of the Navy, c] the Department of the Air Force, d] the office of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and e] Combat Commands [Africa, Central, European, Northern, Pacific, Southern, Special Operations, Strategic & Transportation ] 2 7. Overall, 3.5 million people work in the Department of Defence, in cluding civilian employees. Navy=322,441 as of April 16, 2013; Army=480,000; Air Force=332,800 8. FY 2012 Budget Expenditures = $729 billion 9. FY 2013 Budget Appropriations = $672.880 billion 10. FY 2014 Budget Request = $613.9 billion 11. Five performance measures of the Department of Defence: 12. The Department currently has job opportunities in 3 broad categories. Active duty, Reserve and Civilian. In the first and second categories, opportunities exist for field operations, combat operations and support operations. Support operations include, administrative, housekeeping, engineering, and training functions. In the civilian category, opportunities exist for a wide range of functions, such as academic, cooking, housekeeping, accounting, maintenance, information management, recreation, logistics, construction, engineering, translating, clerical and administrative. 13. In my opinion, I feel that the Department of Defence is doing a great job and is striving hard to accomplish its mission. Based on the missions and goals of the department in their government reports, the evaluation is given below – One of the primary missions of the Department of Defense (DOD) is to supply military forces necessary to provide security to the country and deterring war. The headquarters of the Department of Defense is located at the Pentagon. The chief policy advisor to the President is the Secretary of Defense, who works in tandem with the Deputy Secretary who exercises authority in all military related matters. Being the world’s biggest employer, they also employ a huge Civilian force comprising of both men and women who are on active duty and serve in the National Guard and the Reserve forces. 3 The mission of the Defense.gov is to lend complete support to uphold the mission of the Department of Defense. Their duty is to provide accurate and timely information regarding the functions and operations, Defense policies and any other information regarding the Depar tment of Defense, and this information, in turn is provided to military members and their families, DoD civilians, the news media, Congress and the general public of America. ‘The protection of the public fiscal is a matter that is of interest to every citizen†. (Brock v. Pierce County, 476 U.S. 253, 262 (1986) A Federal agency has the power to function to the extent authorized by law. Brock v. Pierce Co