Analysis Of The Movie Allegiant - 1566 Words

Have you ever read a book, and then watched the movie based off the book and realized that the movie was completely different from the book? This is what happened to the third movie in the Divergent series, Allegiant. This was not a complete surprise, with Insurgent, the second movie of the series, being a little off, but fans were not expecting a whole different story. Although it has an amazing cast Allegiant in the Divergent series, is frustrating for many teenagers and young adults who have read the books because the screenwriters for the movie did not follow a lot of the book’s original story. Some of the changed elements included missing characters, changed and missing scenes, relationships and points of view. Warning, there will be spoilers. Throughout the Divergent series, the readers and film watchers follow Tris as she finds out she is â€Å"divergent.† Divergent is defined as people who display an aptitude for multiple groups or cliques within the larger popu lation (GradeSaver). She has to conform to society to make it look like she is not a divergent, even though the leadership quickly realizes she is different. Allegiant is the third and final, at least in the books, part of the Divergent series. It is a continuation of a story where Tris escapes with Four, Tris’ boyfriend, to journey beyond the wall that enclosed their city of Chicago from the rest of the world. Once outside the wall, they discovered and learned new truths about the outside world. One of the things

Great Expectations By Charles Dickens - 1622 Words

In Great Expectations by Charles Dickens, a conflict between a young boy named Pip and his sister s husband named Joe formed complex father-son relationship. This relationship has many ups and downs that result in Pip s journey to becoming an experienced adult. The conflicting feelings between Pip and Joe contribute to the long lasting nature of this book because of their similarities to life in the real world. Whether it is Pip s embarrassment of Joe s common blacksmith social class, or a son who is embarrassed by his father s intellect, their relationship is key to the novel s development as a whole. It is through Pip s relationship with Joe that we are presented with the insecurities and flaws of a young man s relationship†¦show more content†¦In fact, Mrs. Joe didn t even want to bring Pip into their home, but Joe protested and said, Bring the poor little child. God bless the poor little child, there s room for him at the forge. When we see this it suggests Joe s imm ediate friendship with Pip and how their friendship would soon immediately prosper because of the connection Joe has made to Pip s circumstance. Joe, for the most part, had a terrible father, and he acts like the complete opposite of how his father acted with him. Joe was never able to receive an education because his father did not believe it to be important. However, Joe wants Pip to receive an education and to learn how to read, and this provides us with one of the key scenes that demonstrates how closely connected he is to Pip, when Pip is teaching him how to read. This shows the love and respect Pip has for Joe in a profound way to share his newfound knowledge with his father figure. Shifting towards the middle of Pip’s journey, the relationship between him and Joe begins to tumultuously spiral out of control for the both of them. The gap had grown too large for either of them to overcome, and Pip wanted more than what Joe could provide. Pip wanted to become a gen tleman and even says, †I wished Joe had been rather more genteelly brought up, and then I should have been so too.† This reveals Pip’s discord with the circumstances in which he was brought

Is Technology a Blessing or a Curse Essay Sample free essay sample

Similar costs arise in new land titling programmes. World Bank figures suggest that recent major belongings formalization undertakings have had entire estimated costs runing from US $ 20 million to more than US $ 250 million with loans runing from US $ 2 million ( to back up feasibleness surveies ) up to about US $ 100 million ( Dale A ; McLaughlin. 1999 ) . In general these costs have covered: 1. establishment strengthening: 10 – 15 % 2. function: 20 – 25 % 3. adjudication and surveying: 30 – 50 % 4. enrollment: 20 – 25 % . Of these. points 2. 3 and 4 have all involved new engineerings. 2. Data Capture The creative activity of a modern land disposal system may affect new studies of bing or intended land packages. or the transition of bing paper records into computerised signifier. Data gaining control is non merely a proficient study operation since there must be understanding on the land as to what is being measured. who owns the land and where the boun daries lie. Although engineering can assist to rush up some of the procedures of making and updating a cadastral system. We will write a custom essay sample on Is Technology a Blessing or a Curse? Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page it is indispensable that land proprietors are consulted and are confident in the consequences of any informations acquisition programme. This may besides use when change overing bing land information into digital signifier. Computerisation is expensive non so much in footings of hardware and package but more in footings of the clip and attempt needed to transport out the transition processes. From a strictly proficient point of position. the digest of original cadastral programs may be undertaken utilizing land methods or by aerial study. Increasingly planetary positioning systems ( GPS ) are being used to densify study control webs and to repair the place of some belongings boundaries. The consequences reduced to rectangular co-ordinate signifier can so be fed straight into a computing machine for processing and show. The location of boundary beacons can besides be recorded utilizing electronic systems such as the Entire Station. The ensuing co-ordinate values can be easy processed and stored as grounds in instance of boundary differences or where boundaries are moved or boundary Markss are lost and need to be replac ed. GPS is capable of bring forthing a preciseness of measuring that is in surplus of what is needed for land titling or the declaration of boundary differences. Although high preciseness studies presently require more sophisticated engineering and informations processing than is available from high street stores. the tendency is clear. There will be inexpensive GPS systems that will bring forth really precise study measurings and this may in effect addition the degree of differences between neighbors. In many legal powers. the re-location of belongings boundaries is decided on the footing of grounds in which Markss on the land take precedency over what may be recorded in abstract mathematical signifier – memorials make better grounds than measurings. As inexpensive measuring systems become available this may be reversed and this could ensue in misconstruing between neighbors. The usage of aerial or satellite picture taking provides an alternate attack to entering belongings bound aries. In the instance of aerial picture taking. as with GPS. high preciseness measurings can be taken leting boundary lines to be measured to an truth of a centimeter or so. In order to utilize such techniques. the boundaries of belongingss must be seeable from the air. either in the signifier of fencing or hedge lines or else as markers in the land that have been painted in such a manner as to do them seeable from an aircraft. Aerial studies have the benefit of economic systems of graduated table – the more belongingss that are to be measured at one clip the lower the unit costs ; conversely if merely a few boundary points are to be surveyed. the cost becomes comparatively high. Aerial picture taking. nevertheless. facilitates the aggregation of other informations. such as land usage or the location of topographic characteristics that may be surveyed at minimum extra cost. warranting the greater disbursal. In malice of claims that satellite imagination can be used for cadastral surveying. remote detection is still excessively crude a set of tools for such a intent and. like the usage of photogrammetric techniques. references merely portion of the cadastral job. The cardinal issue is to acquire neighbors to hold on the land as to who owns what land. Every boundary must be identified right and whereas a synoptic position may run into the demands of general land decision makers. remote feeling techniques do non usually fulfill the demands of land proprietors or development control officers. In order to work the chances created by modern land information systems there must be minimal criterions of measurement truth and preciseness. Both land study and photogrammetric techniques may be used to accomplish these. In the instance of initial studies over a broad country. photogrammetry offers a system for mass informations gaining control at comparatively low cost per land package. The important issue so becomes one of care and the creative activity of cost effectual ways of maintaining the information up to day of the month. transporting out subdivisions or retracing old belongings boundaries. Neither photogrammetry nor satellite remote detection i s able to lend much to this portion of the procedure. The care of the cadastral study model is hence still a clip consuming and comparatively expensive activity that can merely be carried out by land study. The job of guaranting informations are kept up to day of the month besides occurs when change overing bing land records into digital signifier. The computerisation of the bing land records is basically an administrative procedure that should non alter the legal position of any package. The electronic record system must nevertheless be designed in such a manner as to suit alteration as and when formal mutants on the land occur. Conversely it must barricade alterations that are non authorised. Overall. new appraising engineerings have re-awakened the argument about appropriate criterions of preciseness in measuring and how these criterions should germinate over clip. They have besides moved the accent for surveyors from measuring to the direction of informations. Although GPS engineering in peculiar is holding an progressively of import impact on the measuring of package boundaries and on the building of belongings maps. the greatest impact on land disposal has come from information-ha ndling engineerings instead than from appraising. 3. Data Storage and Retrieval Good land disposal requires entree to good land information. The storage of informations in computing machines has become comparatively easy once the informations have been digitised. The volumes of informations for land disposal are big but the monetary value of informations storage has fallen dramatically over recent old ages and techniques for the rapid retrieval of informations are efficient and effectual. The velocity of advancement has nevertheless created challenges since land information may necessitate to be retained for centuries. Many of the engineerings of a decennary ago are now disused and it is in pattern impossible to read some old informations files since they were written on systems that are incompatible with today’s hardware and package. All land titling informations demands to be archived. sooner for 100s of old ages back to the root of rubric. Given that it is frequently hard today to read electronic informations that were recorded in the 1970s and 1980s. what chance is at that place for informations now held in electronic signifier to be clear in for illustration AD2200? Paper lasts for 100s if non 1000s of old ages but photographic mo vie does non. Even so. it was non until 1999 that the UK Parliament decided to enter its Acts on paper instead than on vellum! Will CD ROM’s and such electronic devices be like paper or like movie? And whereas worlds can read text written in AD1800. will computing machines in the hereafter have the same capacity for backwards compatibility? Sweden has late gone over to a full electronic archive but some would see this as a hazardous procedure. In the old yearss. a land proprietor would travel to a land register. inquire a clerk to recover specific informations from the land books and in due class a transcript of the registry would be provided. Such systems still operate today. for illustration in Slovenia where it takes one hebdomad for the land book officers to react to questions. Slovenia is presently computerizing its system to supply about instant retrieval of the information and. in due class. there will no uncertainty be online entree to the database from a broad country web. The land registers in states such as Sweden and Austria already run such webs and the demand from many different sectors of the community for entree to their land related informations is considerable and turning. Elsewhere. land registers and cadastral offices are traveling easy in the same way. The computerisation of the land records is. nevertheless. giving rise to concern over who may hold entree to the informations and who may add value to other people’s informations sets. The European Community. for illustration. is presently debating the rights and wrongs of entree to government-held information. It is seeking to bring forth guidelines urging the extent to which the information may be exploited commercially and the protection that should be provided against invasions of privateness. Such issues originate basically because of computerisation. They are of class non alone to set down disposal but they are of import to decide before full development of the informations becomes possible. Apart from cut downing the costs of informations transition and the job of keeping the records up to day of the month at all times. the cardinal issues in informations storage and retrieval are institutional. instead than proficient and relate to informations use. 4. Datas Processing Almost all cadastral and land enrollment systems presently focus on record direction instead than information development. There has been much publicity of geographic information systems ( GIS ) but in world GIS engineering has been little used in land disposal other than for pulling maps. Computer aided design bundles linked to informations base engineering that allows spacial seeking satisfies the basic demands of land disposal as presently practised. To day of the month at that place has been small analysis of the spacial nature of land related informations. In add-on. the construct of information as a corporate resource has non been accepted and few authoritiess. either national or local. work the chances created by the land and belongings informations that they hold. This is in portion because the tradition of land enrollment has been to supply a service concentrating on each single land package as a separate object. in portion because until late a critical m ass of informations has non been available in computerised signifier. and in portion because there has been a deficiency of vision about what may be possible. There has been a polarization of attitudes between cadastral surveyors responsible for geometric informations. the attorneies concerned with abstract rights in land. the contrivers concentrating on land usage instead than value. and the valuators covering with market values. The demand to incorporate all land related informations and to analyze them in new ways is merely easy being recognised. The development of land information systems has been driven more by an involvement in engineering and computing machine systems than by any effort to accomplish a more holistic attack to the apprehension of land and belongings. Whereas there has been concern to supply a ‘one halt shop’ point of entree to all land and belongings related informations. the comprehensive integrating of informations has non been a premier aim. Two attacks to informations integrating are nevertheless emerging. In one the centralized cadastral records are being expanded to embrace a wider scope of informa tions ( for illustration by adding extra informations Fieldss ) . In the other the separate individuality of each information administration is being maintained but protocols allow their informations to be exchanged or linked with those from other administrations. This is greatly facilitated by the growing of engineerings offering inter-operability and by the work of the OpenGIS Consortium. Both attacks allow informations beds to be built up and displayed on a screen. the former placing more power and authorization at the Centre while the latter maintains the duty for updating the records with those who have the primary involvement in the information. Neither attack is concerned with the land as a whole instead than its separate constituents. In many states land direction is still a disconnected procedure in which cooperation between different bureaus is limited or non-existent. Although informations integrating opens up new ways for analyzing land and its component parts. the chances are being missed for grounds that are in portion institutional and in portion conceptual. At the institutional degree there are jobs with information sharing particularly in civilizations where position and power have been dependent on holding sole entree to pecu liar sets of informations. Local and broad country authorities webs are being developed in some states but in general land and belongings information is non treated as a shared resource. All excessively frequently the horizontal flow of information within and between authorities sections and ministries is really hapless and in some states is positively discouraged. Merely in the last twelvemonth or so has the construct of ‘joined-up government’ begun to be promoted. There are many obstructions in the manner of informations integrating such as the sharing of costs and benefits in supplying and utilizing authorities informations. particularly where bureaus and sub-agencies have devolved budgets. Uncertainty over how to continue inhibits the growing of the market in land and belongings information and reduces the chances for sections to retrieve their costs by selling their informations. Additional concern arises over the ownership of informations and the extent to which these are capable to right of first publication. Because of the proficient easiness with which digital maps. for illustration. can be copied. new ways of protecting the involvements of info rmation suppliers are holding to be developed. ensuing in the outgrowth of usage rights instead than ownership rights. While the Torahs regulating the right of first publication in single informations sets are now reasonably clear. the right to work the value of what is added by uniting informations sets is still unsure. Given that the cardinal benefit of utilizing GIS engineering lies in its ability to add value by uniting informations from different beginnings. these legal uncertainnesss are haltering the development of the information market and hence of the usage of the engineering. In many societies there are concerns that greater computerisation will take to greater invasions of privateness. particularly where combinations of informations can uncover information that is non in the original informations sets. See the instance of computerised reference lists that many commercial administrations now use in support of their concern. It is non unreasonable. for illustration. for the insurance premium on the contents of a house to be related to the degree of offense in the country in which it is located. Companies use people’s station codification to find the degree of their insurance premiums and most people consider this as sensible. But is it just if several people in a street fail to pay b ack money borrowed from a bank and this consequences in everyone in the vicinity being refused the chance of a loan? This can go on irrespective of the individual’s credit-worthiness. on the evidences that he or she lives in an country where there is a high hazard of default on refunds. What constitutes privateness and what rights the citizen has to curtail entree to personal informations are frequently vague. In the UK about all informations are said to be personal. even if the information relate to bricks and howitzer since a house can be said to place its residents. The usage to which personal informations are put must be registered in progress of their being collected and these utilizations are non ever possible to anticipate. Once the land disposal services embark on automatizing the land transportation procedure. the whole nature of land information direction alterations. How much spacial information should be in the public sphere and what if any should be the limitations on its usage? Will societal attitudes change or will at that place be resistance to the execution of labour salvaging techniques? Such inquiries will go more pressing as electronic commercialism becomes more common. The land market involves purchasing or selling belongings that is a great trade more expensive than a book or a compact phonograph record. The electronic transportation of belongings rights is technically easy once the informations are in digital signifier but particular safeguards need to be taken to protect the sellers and buyers against fraud or error. The trouble lies in guaranting that the transportation is made by the legal proprietors or their authorized representative. In the old yearss. paperss of transportation had to be ‘signed. sealed and delivered’ or witnessed for case by a notary. Electronic signatures can be fraudulently copied hence some people advocate that all land transportations should be personally witnessed by person authorised so to make. even where there is no notarial system. This will guarantee a human cheque ( and therefore hold ) on what could otherwise be a to the full automated procedure. Land disposal is nevertheless approximately more than land transportations. The procedures of informations integrating referred to earlier are presenting a more extremist alteration to the doctrine of land disposal. At the conceptual degree it should be axiomatic that the manner in which land is used affects its value. the mode of usage being dictated both by its physical features and be aftering Torahs. Conversely. the province of the land market will act upon the manner in which the land is used and whether for case it is left derelict or is the focal point for building and development. The signifier and stableness of the existent estate ownership rights will likewise impact any belongings values and the mode in which the land is used. If there is to be sustainable development so the information about land and belongings must be managed in a manner that allows land resource directors to understand these inter-dependencies. Yet many physical contrivers say that they are concerned me rely with the manner that infinite expressions and operates and non with what the market will pay for it. Similarly revenue enhancement governments ignore the impact that land and belongings revenue enhancements may hold on the manner that land is used while registrars of rubric may hold no concern other than to enter how and by whom the land is presently owned. The new function of land disposal is to supply a more holistic position. Tools to analyze land and belongings related informations are nevertheless still rough and inefficient. The anticipation of the market value of belongings. for illustration. is still more of an art than a scientific discipline. Land values alter over clip and infinite hence in theory they should be conformable to analysis by GIS. In a figure of eastern European states the land revenue enhancement is being based on nonsubjective standards such as country. dirt type. normal rainfall degrees etc. that are non straight related to the market monetary value for existent belongings since the latter is so hard to find. particularly in an immature market. One cardina l component in foretelling land monetary values is the comparing with other market values. These should wholly be recorded in a comprehensive and up to day of the month land information system such as a multi-purpose cadaster and in future there should be better theoretical accounts for belongings rating. There is still. nevertheless. small analysis of how such revenue enhancements influence land usage or what impact they have upon the environment. In a figure of states. assorted public presentation indexs have been developed to mensurate whether any development is. for illustration. sustainable but small usage of land disposal informations has been made in the creative activity of such steps. This is in malice of the fact that so many informations sets are now available in computerised signifier. A great trade of work still needs to be done in the development of theoretical accounts for land and belongings related activities and to imitate the relationship between human existences and their environment. 5. Using Land Related Information Land disposal systems need to function the involvements of authorities. of those active in the land market. and of 3rd parties. Computers were foremost introduced into the land disposal field in the early sixtiess. some to pull off belongings rating records and some to back up appraising and mapping. Automation of land register systems began around 1970. particularly in Sweden. Australia. and Canada. Computerisation was used to back up accounting processs. to help in the scrutiny and checking of studies and study programs. to fix automated indexes and. subsequently. to develop land and belongings databases. The innovators in presenting land information services. such as in Sweden and New Brunswick in Canada. developed broad country webs to supply entree to the information. In Sweden the system has stood the trial of clip but in New Brunswick a more advanced attack has been adopted utilizing the World Wide Web as a manner to entree the centralized lan d records. The popularity of the web as a agency of administering information is speed uping since unlike early networking systems that were basically text based. web engineering allows entree to both text and artworks. As described by Dale and McLaughlin ( 1999 ) . â€Å"In August 1996 Service New Brunswick ( SNB ) implemented one of the first commercially available online land register systems in the universe. a service that provides province-wide entree to a series of incorporate land informations sets. This service. known as the Real Property Information Internet Service ( RPIIS ) . allows clients to entree non-confidential. parcel-based information residing at a watchword protected SNB Internet site. The service supports browse and screening of maps and map-related information over the Internet. Users of this service may seek for a belongings by stipulating either a textual or graphical property such as a place-name or co-ordinate mention. The package allows users to see and question maps and properties. choice show beds. execute ‘point in polygon’ analysis. and undertake many more core GIS-type operations. Additional textual and multi-media information can be associated with char acteristics on the map. † The growing in involvement in Internet-based activities heightens the concerns about the chance of information ‘haves’ and ‘have-nots’ . Current statistics suggest that the online user community is mostly made up of younger professionals and proficient specializers. While the state of affairs is easy altering. many current users of traditional difficult transcript records and maps may be either incognizant or intimidated by the turning handiness and usage of online informations merchandises. The gulf between the information rich and the information hapless is possibly even wider than the gulf between the developed and the less developed states. What is go oning in Canada could every bit good be go oning on a different planet every bit far as some of the states in Africa are concerned. They have neither the informations nor the processing capableness to pull off their land as a resource or to optimize land usage in their of all time turning metropoliss. Techn ology may assist to accomplish the ends of such programmes as the United Nations’ Agenda 21 or its Global Plan of Action but is merely a portion of what is needed to work out the complex jobs of urbanization and environmental protection. 6. Reasoning comments The most important alteration in land disposal over the last decennary has been the extent of computerisation of the land registers. The aim of computerisation has been chiefly to run into internal demands for more efficient informations storage. more rapid information retrieval and greater easiness in updating the records ; merely in a 2nd stage have the benefits to the public begun to look. Separate enterprises have taken topographic point in the bureaus responsible for cadastral and topographic function and these have frequently been driven more by the engineering than by the demand to supply a better service. All excessively frequently. engineering has been a solution looking for jobs that have non been clearly defined. There has been an over-confidence in engineering and an under-estimation of the human and institutional jobs that it creates. There is no uncertainty that the hereafter of land disposal will be driven in portion by technological developments. If this engineering is to be harnessed to back up sustainable development so new aims for land disposal must be set. Before this is possible there must be lucidity over what is meant by sustainability and what parametric quantities can be used to mensurate it. There must so be an understanding by those involved in land disposal about the relationship between their work and its impact on the environment. Next. moves towards inter-operability and the integrating of informations must be encouraged both at the proficient degree where jobs of informations exchange and compatibility still occur but more particularly at the institutional degree. Finally new theoretical accounts for understanding land as a whole ( instead than its constitutional parts ) must be developed and the inter-relationship between its assorted properties and external factors in the societal. economic and physical environment must be explored. Land disposal is more than merely a information gaining control. storage. retrieval and dispaly system. The information that are recorded about land and belongings are non merely a valuable resource in their ain right. they are besides something to which value can be added. New engineerings allow this fact to be recognised and exploit ed. Mentions ACE. 1998. The Development of Land Markets in cardinal and eastern Europe. Final Report Project P2128R. 121 pages. ACE programme. European Commission. Brussels ( unpublished ) . Dale P. F. and McLaughlin J. D. . 1999. Land Administration. OUP ( in imperativeness )

Julius Caesar Essays (3325 words) - Ancient Rome, 1st Millennium BC

Julius Caesar Julius Caesar A baby was born on July 12 or 13 of 100 BC in Rome. Little did the proud parents of this baby know that he would rule most of the known world. This baby was born to the name of Gaius, his personal name, Julius was the name of his family's clan and the name of his family was Caesar meaning hairy. Caesar was such an amazing man that many people couldn't believe that he was born the same way as them. Over time stories have arisen about Caesar's birth. One story says that Caesar was pulled from an incision in his mother's stomach. This is where the medical term of Cesarean section came from, from Caesar's birth. Not everyone paid that much attention to the birth of Caesar, it was overshadowed by exploits of his Uncle Gaius Marius. Marius was a politician, he was a "new man" or a plebeian politician. He married into the aristocratic Caesar family so he would have a name to back up his words. Marius did not receive a first-class education or a lot of other advantages some politicians had. Marius was elected consul in 108 BC, once in office he proved himself as a brilliant general. He persuaded the senate to send him to Africa and replace the general in the war there. He took over for General Metellus. Soon he ended the war that had been dragging on for many years. When he returned to Rome Marius found another chance for fame. Nomadic German tribes had invaded the north of Italy and winning a couple battles over Roman armies. Marius took the spotlight away from this little bundle of joy named Caesar. No matter what he wanted he was propelled into politics. Many of his relatives were senators or held other important political offices. He listened to many political discussions between his family which had substantial influences on him. He was trained to be a politician by his tutor Antonius Gnipho. He studied Greek and Latin literature, philosophy, and most important, rhetoric or the art of persuasive argument. At the age of twelve he was brought to the senate house to watch speeches and debates. As a kid he wrote numerous poems and plays. Augustus believed that these writings might tarnish his reputation, when he became emperor he burned all of Caesar works. Caesar was a very handsome boy and for that matter man too. He dressed in a style all his own. He was not very strong as boy. All male children were expected to be good athletes. Caesar acquired skills in running, fencing, and horseback riding. He became capable of physical feats that would astonish his childhood friends. His health was a bit frail as a kid. At an early age he became somewhat deaf and after he was thirty he suffered occasionally from fits of epilepsy. He was rather tall for a man from his time, he grew to be about five feet eight inches tall. In Roman tradition the fathers arranged their children's' marriages at an early age. Caesar's father arranged his marriage with a young woman named Cossutia. Caesar hated this idea. He wanted to control his own life. He had a strong will of his own. But he had lots of respect for his father so he agreed to marry Cossutia. The marriage did not last long, only a few months. Soon after the wedding Caesar divorced his bride. A little later Caesar's father died. When Caesar was nineteen he fell deeply in love with a woman named Cornelia. Cornelia was Cinna's daughter and Cinna was Marius' most powerful colleague and co-consul. This entangled Caesar even more with politics. Having Marius as an uncle and Cinna as a father-in-law. Soon after the marriage Caesar and Cornelia had a daughter, whom they named Julia after his aunt and Marius' wife. Marius and Cinna were elected consuls while Sulla was at war with Mithridates in 86 BC. Soon after both Cinna and Marius died. It left their party leaderless and could not stop Sulla from taking control of the republic. When Sulla took control he forced Caesar to divorce Cornelia as a test of loyalty. He refused to divorce the love of his life. He knew that men had been killed for far less serious things. He knew his life was in danger, he avoided execution by leaving Rome for the hilly country side near Rome. Caesar eluded hunters and police with a small group of his slaves for a few weeks. Then he became weak and sick

Love free essay sample

The Jazz concert I attended took place in Fullerton College Theater on November 13, 2012. The Fullerton College Jazz Big Band and J- Train vocal Jazz was very organized and well structured. The first song was the Open Invitation which was performed by the J- Train Vocal Jazz. The song was so interesting because the soloists had great voices. Everyone around seemed interested and amused. The J- train vocal Jazz also performed the songs Nancy Necromancers Cannery, and Fugue in D Mirror.My personal favorite by the J-Train Vocal Jazz was Everyones Bopping because in the ginning of the song the vocalists scat. In the performance two soloists scat at least one time, and the rest of the choir performers sing the chorus. The beat of the song was fast and the instruments that got a solo were guitar and piano. The guitar and pianos solo were amazing because you could see the relationship the soloist had with its instrument which was extremely passionate. We will write a custom essay sample on Love or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The next song performed was Big Brown Eyes which was slow and full of patience.The vocalists sing bebop most of the time, and there are four soloists, the drums are Just tapping, and the whole memo of the song is slow. The big band also performed The Keystone Shuffle, the instruments being used were drums, bass, guitar, piano, trombone, and then there was a section of the song where the saxophone players battle each other . Both of the saxophones were going at a very fast beat. The next song performed was Out of Town which starts with the drums and guitar as bass. The saxophone player Joins In and the whole band starts to plays together. They were all on point with each other which made the song easy to listen to.The piano, the saxophone had Individual solos ND in between the song there was Interaction between the two. The concert was very entertaining; I really enjoyed the J-Train and Big Band. Everyone around seemed to enjoy It as well. It was sweet of the big band to dedicate the song as The Saints Go Marching In to the Friends of Jazz Scholars. In the middle of the concert The Friends of Jazz gave out scholarships to the Fullerton College Big Band and To the J- Train Vocal Jazz to go perform In New York. The song When the Saints Go Marching In was played at a medium tempo.The drums start It off and the flute, saxophone, electric attar follow after the drums. The whole concert was amazing and definitely made me want to groove and listen to more Jazz on my free time. I am happy I made this my first concert to go to because If I could favor one type of Jazz would be big band type of Jazz and I love It when the Jazz band or vocalists scat. BY jacketed personal favorite by the I-Train Vocal Jazz was Everyones Bopping because in the Town which starts with the drums and guitar as bass. The saxophone player Joins in which made the song easy to listen to.The piano, the saxophone had individual solos ND in between the song there was interaction between the two. The concert was very entertaining; I really enjoyed the J-Train and Big Band. Everyone around seemed to enjoy it as well. It was sweet of the big band to dedicate the song as The Saints Go Vocal Jazz to go perform in New York. The song When the Saints Go Marching In was played at a medium tempo. The drums start it off and the flute, saxophone, electric my first concert to go to because if I could favor one type of Jazz would be big band type of Jazz and I love it when the Jazz band or vocalists scat.

Grammatical gender Essay Example

Grammatical gender Essay Example Grammatical gender Essay Grammatical gender Essay An analysis of cohesive devices in reading texts in English 11 / Hoang Tra My PART 1: I TRODUCTIO 1. Rationale Among all skills which students need to master in English, reading is considered to be very important because it helps students to get materials for other skills. To learn reading well, it is necessary for students to comprehend sufficient language base, one of which is the cohesion in the text. Because of the importance of cohesion in comprehending a text, this small study on discourse analysis of cohesive devices is decided to be carried out. . Aims of the Study: The study aims: to describe and analyze lexical and grammatical cohesive devices in the new English textbook 11; to give some suggestions for teaching reading skill for 11th grade students. In order to achieve the aims stated, the study is meant to find out the answers to the two following research questions: 1. What are the grammatical and lexical cohesive devices used in reading texts in English textbook 11? 2 . How can the findings help English teachers and 11th grade students to improve reading skill? 3.Scope of the Study Because of the lack of time and the paper size, it is unable for all the issues of discourse to be analyzed. The study focuses on the grammatical and lexical cohesive devices in reading texts in the new English textbook 11. 4. Significance of the Study The study contributes to verifying the correctness and significance related to linguistic theories in discourse analysis by analyzing discourse in one specific textbook. In addition, the practical significance of the study is to help 11th grade students and teachers in reading skill by applying the knowledge of cohesion. 5.Methods of the Study: descriptive, statistical and analytical methods 6. Design of the Study The minor thesis consists of three parts: 2 Part 1 is The Introduction Part 2 is The Development which is divided into three chapters: Literature Review, Methodology and Major Findings and Discussions Part 3 is The Conclusion 3 PART 2: DEVELOPME T CHAPTER 1: LITERATURE REVIEW 1. Discourse and Discourse Analysis 1. 1. The Concept of Discourse Discourse is defined in various ways by different scholars and authors, however, the definition given by Halliday and Hasan (1976) is regarded as the simplest and the clearest to follow.Halliday and Hasan (1976: 38) state that discourse is language that is functional. It means that discourse is â€Å"language in use†. 1. 2. Text and Discourse In the view of Halliday and Hasan (1976: 23), â€Å"text† is employed to refer to â€Å"discourse†; they see â€Å"text† as a â€Å"semantic unit† characterized by cohesion. Sharing the same ideas, Brown Yule (1983) support that text is the representation of discourse and the verbal record of a communicative act. In other words, they all view the notion of text is the representation of discourse, text is the form of discourse and they have a close relationship. 1. 3.Spoken a nd Written Discourse Spoken and written language can be also distinguished by different functions. According to Brown and Yule (1983: 13), the function of spoken language is mainly to establish and maintain human relationship whereas written language has functions to store information from time and space and to permit words and sentences to be examined out of their original contexts. 1. 4. Discourse Analysis In the view of Brown and Yule (1983: viii), discourse analysis is concerned with a broad range of activities including many disciplines from sociolinguistics, philosophical linguistics to computational linguistics.To be clearer, Brown and Yule (1983: 1) write, â€Å"the analysis of discourse is, necessarily, the analysis of language in use. As such, it cannot be restricted to the description of linguistic forms independent of the purposes of functions which these forms are designed to serve human affairs†. 1. 5. Context in Discourse Analysis According to Nunan, D (1993: 7 ), context is the situation in which discourse is embedded. Context may be understood as all factors and elements that are non-linguistic and textual which affect spoken or written communication interaction..However, in the view of Malinowski (1923) and Halliday M. A. K (1985: 52) context is divided as â€Å"context of situation† and â€Å"context of culture†. 4 1. 6. Register and Genre in Discourse Analysis According to Halliday and Hasan (1976: 41), register is language variety according to use. Register is featured by â€Å"field†, â€Å"tenor† and â€Å"mode†. The concept of genre is defined in terms of culture context. Eggins (1994: 32) defines genre as follow: Genre, or context of culture, can be seen as more abstract, more general – we can recognize a particular genre if we are not sure exactly what the situational context is.Genre, then, can be thought of as the general framework that gives purpose to interactions of particular types , adaptable to the many specific contexts of situation that they get used in. 2. Cohesion 2. 1. The Concept of Cohesion Cohesion is defined in the relation with text. It is concerned with the grammatical and lexical relationship among different factors in a text. 2. 2. Cohesion vs. Coherence Cohesion is a formal network which connects or links many parts of a text together by grammar or words. Meanwhile, coherence is the connections which bring interpretation of linguistic messages. 2. 3. Aspects of Cohesion 2. 3. 1.Topical Cohesion Topic is concerned with the description of sentence structure which contains the topic or theme and the comment or rheme. 2. 3. 2. Logical Cohesion Hoa, N (2000: 28) indicates that â€Å"logical cohesive devices are also powerful sentence connectors. They demonstrate the logical relationships holding between sentences, thus creating or expressing cohesion. † Cohesive devices can be divided into some types as: And, Enumeration, Addition, Transition , Summation, Apposition, Result, Inference, Reformulation or replacement, Contrast, Concession, and Comparison. 2. 4. Types of Cohesion 2. 4. 1. Grammatical Cohesion 2. . 1. 1. Reference In the view of Halliday and Hasan (1976: 32), reference is a semantic relation and â€Å"since the relationship is on the semantic level, the reference item is in no way constrain to match the grammatical class of the item it refers to†. The two scholars also distinguish reference into 5 three types: anaphoric, cataphoric and exophoric. Reference items in English include three types: personal reference, demonstrative reference and comparative reference. 2. 4. 1. 2. Substitution Halliday and Hasan (1976: 89) divides substitution into three main types namely: nominal, verbal and clausal substitution. . 4. 1. 3. Ellipsis In Halliday and Hasan’s point of view (1976: 142), ellipsis is â€Å"the omission of certain elements from a sentence, allowed by context† 2. 4. 1. 4. Conjunction Halliday and Hasan (1976: 242-243) divide conjunction into four types including additive, adversative, casual and temporal. 2. 4. 2. Lexical cohesion 2. 4. 2. 1. Reiteration Reiteration is regarded as a significant feature of textuality. Reiteration can be divided into five subtypes, namely repetition, synonym or near-synonym, super-ordinate and general words. 2. 4. 2. 2.Collocation According to Halliday and Hassan (1976) â€Å"word combination† or â€Å"word co-occurrence† is known as collocation which brings a particular sense or meaning. Collocation has two subtypes: grammatical collocation and lexical collocation. The first one usually contains a lexical content word and a grammar function word. There are four main types of grammatical collocation: V + Prep, Adj + Prep, + Prep, Prep + . The second one is restricted by word pairs. Lexical collocation do not contain preposition but consist of various combinations of nouns, adjectives, verbs and adverbs.They can be se en in following common patterns: Adj + V, Adv + Adj, + . , Quant + ,V+ , + V, V + Adv, V + Adj, V + 6 CHAPTER 2: METHODOLOGY 1. An Overview of the English Textbook 11 1. 1. The Role of the English Textbook in English Language Teaching English textbooks give primary supplements to teachers to plan their lessons appropriately and perfectively. 1. 2. Description of the English Textbook 11 English 11, including sixteen units for two semesters, follows the theme-based approach and is developed on six broad themes, that is, You and me, Education, Community, ature and Environment, Recreation and People and Places.Each theme, in its turn, is broken into subthemes or topics which are used as titles for sixteen units in English 11. 2. Research Methodology 2. 1. Materials for Analysis All materials used for analyzing in this study are extracted from sixteen reading texts in English 11. 2. 2. Methods of the Study This study aims at investigating the frequency of the use of cohesive devices in r eading texts in English 11 to obtain the data for the study, some steps below are followed. Steps 1: Determine the Research Topic Step 2: Determine and Define the Research Questions Step 3: Build the framework for he study Step 4: Collect the Data Step 5: Analyze the Data Step 6: Give Conclusions and Suggestions for 11th Grade Students in Learning Reading 2. 3. Data Collection Procedures After deciding on the research topic, research questions and building the study framework, the researcher has taken time to collect the data. The methods of descriptive and statistical have been used to gather the data. 2. 4. Data Analysis Procedures Analytical method has been restored to when dealing with data. 7 CHAPTER 3: MAJOR FI DI GS A D DISCUSSIO 1. Grammatical Cohesion 1. . Reference Reference Anaphoric Cataphoric Exophoric umber of items 422 53 120 Percentage 70. 9 8. 9 20. 2 Total 595 Table 1: The percentage of different types of reference 1. 1. 1. Anaphoric Reference The total pattern of markers takes up 241 items. All seven patterns of markers appearing in anaphoric reference are definite article, personal pronoun, demonstrative pronoun, comparative adverb, comparative adjective and demonstrative adverb. The table below shows the data of seven patterns in 16 reading passages in the English 11.Anaphoric reference Definite article Personal pronoun Demonstrative pronoun Comparative adjective Personal determiner Comparative adverb Demonstrative adverb umber of items 126 171 27 7 86 5 0 % 29. 9 40. 5 6. 4 1. 7 20. 4 1. 2 0. 0 422 Total Table 2: The percentage of different types of reference words for anaphoric ties 1. 1. 2. Cataphoric Reference Cataphoric reference Definite article Personal pronoun Demonstrative pronoun Comparative adjective Personal determiner Comparative adverb Demonstrative adverb umber of items 35 4 4 3 1 3 3 % 66 7. 5 7. 5 5. 7 1. 9 5. 7 5. Total 53 Table 3: The percentage of different types of reference words for cataphoric ties 8 Cataphoric refer ence accounts for the smallest part of reference, however, it is vital to vary the direction of reference and create the cohesion of the text. Surprisingly, the definite article takes up the largest ties with 35 ties accounting for 66%. . 1. 1. 3. Exophoric Reference Exophoric reference Definite article Personal pronouns Demonstrative pronouns Comparative adjective Personal determiner Comparative adverb Demonstrative adverb umber of items 92 14 1 7 5 0 1 % 76. 7 11. 0. 8 5. 8 4. 2 0. 0 0. 8 Total 120 Table 4: The percentage of different types of reference words for exophoric ties Exophoric reference refers to objects or events which are out of language and it can be understood by all people without relation to the meaning of the text. For this reason, it does not have much value in connecting the text together. 1. 2. Substitution Type of substitution Nominal Verbal Clausal umber of items 15 0 1 % 93. 8 0. 0 6. 2 Total 16 Table 5: The percentage of substitution in English 11 Substitu tion occupies a very low frequency of occurrence.There are only 16 ties of substitution in 16 reading texts. Surprisingly, nominal substitution takes up 15 ties, representing for 93. 8% of total. 1. 3. Ellipsis Sixteen reading passages in English 11 consist of 29 ellipsis items including all three classes namely nominal, verbal and clausal, which are presented in the table below: Type of ellipsis Nominal Verbal Clausal umber of items 18 6 5 % 62. 1 20. 7 17. 2 Total 29 Table 6: The percentage of ellipsis in English 11 9 Firstly, in sixteen reading texts, nominal ellipsis occupies the largest percentage with eighteen items, representing for 62. %. Secondly, verbal ellipsis takes up only six items, accounting for 20. 7%. These six items occur in four units: 5, 6, 7 and 16. Lastly, clausal ellipsis accounts for the smallest number with five items for 17. 2%. Five elliptical items appear in unit 1, 2 and 3. 1. 4. Conjunction Type of conjunction Additive Temporal Causal Adversative umber of items 183 66 13 27 % 63. 3 22. 8 4. 5 9. 4 Total 289 Table 7: The percentage of conjunction in English 11 At the first look, it can be seen that additive conjunction occupies the biggest percentage of the total.Additive conjunction takes up 183 items, accounting for 63. 3%. Temporal conjunction, which is used in rather high percentage, comes second with 66 items, accounting for 22. 8% of total. Adversative conjunction comes third with 27 items, representing for 9. 4%. Causal conjunction presents the lowest frequency of use with only 13 items, representing for 4. 5%. Causal conjunction stands at the lowest rank of conjunction with only 4. 5%. 2. Lexical Cohesion 2. 1. Reiteration Reiteration Repetition Synonym/ near-synonym Super-ordinate General word umber of items 709 111 188 27 Percentage 68. 10. 7 18. 2 2. 6 Total 1035 Table 8: The percentage of reiteration in English 11 As shown in the table, among the four types of reiteration, repetition is the most frequentlyused device w ith the percentage of up to 68. 5%. Super-ordinate ranking second takes up 18. 2%. Synonyms or near-synonym comes third with 10. 7%. General word accounts for the smallest portion of total with only 2. 6%. 2. 2. Collocation Collocation is divided into two types: grammatical and lexical collocation. Basing on the statistics from the analysis, the total of collocation patterns in sixteen reading passages in 0 English textbook 11 are 421 ties. Lexical collocation takes up 361 items, accounting for 85. 7% while grammatical collocation occupies only 60 items, representing for 14. 3%. 2. 2. 1. Lexical Collocation There are 361 lexical cohesion items used in sixteen reading passages in English 11, equivalent to 85. 7%. Lexical collocation can be analyzed basing on the data illustrated in the table below: Types of collocation Adj + N V+N N+N Quant + N V + Adj Adv + Adj V + Adv V+V N+V umber of items 121 91 74 48 8 2 7 1 9 % 33. 5 25. 2 20. 5 13. 3 2. 2 0. 6 1. 0. 3 2. 5 Total 361 Table 9: T he percentage of lexical collocation in English 11 2. 2. 2. Grammatical Collocation Grammatical collocation often consists of a lexical content word and a grammar function word. An overall picture of lexical collocation can be seen as follow: Types of collocation V + Prep Prep + N Adj + Prep N + Prep umber of items 33 10 15 2 % 55 16. 7 25 3. 3 60 Total Table 10: The percentage of grammatical collocation in English 11 3. Summary According to statistics above, the gap between grammatical and lexical cohesion is very big.While grammatical cohesion makes up 39%, lexical cohesion occupies 61%. The imbalance between grammatical and lexical cohesion is due to the ways of word combination. 11 PART 3: CO CLUSIO S 1. Conclusions Basing on all the statistics and analyses on the grammatical and lexical cohesive devices in sixteen reading passages above, the researcher comes to conclusions as follows: Firstly, these texts are highly cohesive. This can be proved by the number of cohesive ties us ed in 16 reading texts.The total number of cohesion ties used in sixteen passages is 2385, so in a text, there are about 150 cohesion ties, accounting for a half of it in terms of word count. Secondly, the use of cohesion in one text is different from others. Thirdly, the use of lexical cohesive devices is much more than grammatical cohesive devices in sixteen reading passages. Fourthly, with respect to grammatical cohesive devices, reference, conjunction, substitution and ellipsis are seen in their most common features. In terms of reference, it accounts for the highest rate in all sixteen reading passages.In terms of conjunction, its use in sixteen reading passages is special because in each text, some typical types of conjunction are employed. In terms of substitution and ellipsis, they present for a very small percentage, this proves the simplicity of sixteen reading texts because the high frequent use of substitution and ellipsis can make the texts more difficult and complicate d to understand and without the knowledge of substitution and ellipsis, students may misunderstand and misinterpret the text. Fifthly, with respect to lexical cohesion, reiteration and collocation are seen in their most popular features.In terms of reiteration, repetition seems to be overused while a very small percentage of synonym/ near-synonym, antonym, super-ordinate and general word are employed in these sixteen reading texts. In terms of collocation, lexical collocation occupies more percentage than grammatical collocation because of different ways of combination. 2. Suggestions 2. 1. Suggestions for English Teachers and Learners English teachers should provide students with knowledge of cohesion which is considered to be an effective means to help them in reading skill.Furthermore, English teachers are suggested to raise students’ awareness of the importance of cohesive devices. English teachers can also take advantage of cohesion in teaching vocabulary. Finally, whene ver students do the exercises related to cohesion knowledge, teachers should remind them. By this way, students can apply cohesion in dealing with the exercises of the same types. Basing on the statistics given above, some significant features of reading texts in English 11 are drawn out and some suggestions for 11th grade students are proposed.Firstly, reference is used in a very high rate in these reading passages, and anaphoric should be paid more 12 attention because of its value in connecting texts together. Secondly, substitution and ellipsis are used in small percentages in these reading texts. In terms of substitution, teachers had better remind students when dealing with unit 4 and unit 13. Because ellipsis occurs many times in four units: unit 1, 5, 6 and 7, students are advised to think about them when learning these units. Thirdly, conjunction is used to organize the structure of the reading passages.In reading process, 11th grade students should consider the ways the te xts are written in. For example, in unit 1 and 7 all the ideas are constructed by listing. Lastly, in reiteration cohesion, synonym or near-synonym is regarded as the most important issue to 11th grade students. English teachers can apply synonym and super-ordinate to teach new words. 2. 2. Suggested Cohesion Exercises for English Teachers and Learners Cohesive devices can be seen in various forms of reading exercises or reading tasks. Two most significant forms of reading tasks for cohesion are gap-filling and true-false.Besides gap-filling and true – false exercises, there are also various forms of exercises. The first one is multiple-choice. Secondly, finding equivalents exercises are also employed to treat with synonym and antonym words. The last one is matching exercise, which designed to solve with vocabulary. 3. Limitations and Suggestions for Further Studies Firstly, because there is no content-focus in these reading texts, the results of this research can not actuall y show the most typical features of the reading texts as a whole, but in themes or in units only.Secondly, due to the limitation of the paper size, on discussing each type of cohesion, only some examples from one or two units are proposed. Lastly, applications of cohesion in other skills such as speaking, listening, writing have not been stated. Due to the constraint in time, all the issues of the related to the study cannot be covered. I do hope to develop this topic with a larger range of topic as follow: The study of grammatical cohesive devices in English 10, 11 and 12. The study of lexical cohesive devices in English 10, 11 and 12. The study of cohesive devices in reading texts in English 10, 11 and 12.

Immigration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 2

Immigration - Essay Example However, resources are limited in their quantity which means that the government must introduce policies that reconsider the allocation of resources in each of the public and social sectors. This paper will specifically focus on the impact of immigration on the providence of high quality health care services to the population. As of 2012, there were 1,031,631 people who acquired a legal permanent residence status in the United States (Department of Homeland Security, 5). Of these the largest percentage of people came from India, China, Philippines, and Korea (Department of Homeland Security, 10). However, the total figure only reflects the number of legal residents who were permitted for a residential status. There are a significant number of individuals who also represent the portion of population who have arrived illegally. These include people who were admitted as temporary workers but chose to stay, aliens, refugees, and others. It is estimated that the number of unauthorized immigrants in United States was about 11.5 million as of 2011 (Nwosu, Batalova, and Auclair, n.pag.). These unauthorized immigrants mostly reside in the states of California, Texas, Florida, and New York. Of the total unauthorized figure for immigrants, a large proportion of them were born in America while the rest came from Asia, South America, Europe, and other parts of the world (Nwosu, Batalova, and Auclair, n.pag.). Considering the distribution of the figures by country, Mexico is the top most country with an estimated 59 percent of illegal immigrants in the United States who belong to the country. With a large number of immigrants entering the United States illegally and million others who are already depending upon reliable, high quality health care services, the country is facing serious problems relating to the provision of health care services to all of its